Stephen F Pernal
Stephen F Pernal
Honey bees fulfill a critical role as the principal managed pollinator for modern agricultural ecosystems, necessary for the production of many of the world's food crops. The beekeeper must be a knowledgeable manager of bee health, apicultu...
Annette M O&#x;Connor
Annette M O&#x;Connor
Annette M O&#x;Connor,John A Angelos,Elliott J Dennis et al.
Annette M O&#x;Connor et al.
In this article, the authors summarize the future needs from a research perspective to make the greatest gains. They discuss the areas of research: diagnosis, epidemiology, economic impact, prevention, and treatment. In some areas, simple s...
A Review of Global Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis [0.03%]
牛传染性结膜炎的全球流行率和经济影响综述
Elliott J Dennis,Mac Kneipp
Elliott J Dennis
A summary of available literature on the prevalence and estimated economic impacts of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) from around the world is made. Country-level prevalence of IBK has been reported only for the United States, ...
The Evidence Base for Prevention of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis Through Vaccination [0.03%]
兽用疫苗预防牛传染性脓眼病的有效性评估
Gabriele Maier,Annette M O&#x;Connor,David Sheedy
Gabriele Maier
Pili and cytotoxins are important virulence factors and antigens for Moraxella spp. Local and systemic immunity may play a role in the body's response to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). No evidence exists that eliminating the ...
Annette M O&#x;Connor,Mac Kneipp
Annette M O&#x;Connor
In this article, the evidence base for treating infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is discussed. First, we summarize the available evidence for antibiotic treatments registered in North America. We then discuss the evidence base f...
Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: The Role of Genetic Factors in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis [0.03%]
传染性牛结膜炎的病因因素：遗传因素在传染性牛结膜角膜炎流行病学中的作用
Annette M O&#x;Connor
Annette M O&#x;Connor
The purpose of this article is to discuss the host as a cause of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). The focus is on the host genetics rather than characteristics of the host, such as age, sex, and season of birth. From 4 conducte...
The Role of Environmental Factors in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis [0.03%]
环境因素在传染性牛结膜角膜炎流行病学中的作用
Gabriele Maier,Binh Doan,Annette M O&#x;Connor
Gabriele Maier
Environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) include face flies, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and mechanical irritation from plant awns or dust. Limited research has shown face fly...
Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis-Non-Moraxella Organisms in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis [0.03%]
引起牛传染性角膜结膜炎的非摩拉菌病原体在牛传染性角膜结膜炎流行病学中的作用
John Dustin Loy,Kristin A Clothier,Gabriele Maier
John Dustin Loy
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a multifactorial disease complex caused by opportunistic pathogens, classically those members of the genus Moraxella. However, IBK in some situations is associated with other potentially patho...
Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis - The Role of Moraxella Species in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis [0.03%]
引起传染性牛结膜炎的因素-摩拉菌属在传染性牛结膜炎的流行病学中的作用
John Dustin Loy,Matthew Hille,Gabriele Maier et al.
John Dustin Loy et al.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) involves multiple factors and opportunistic pathogens, including members of the genus Moraxella, specifically M bovis. The causal role of M bovis is clear, where the presence of virulence factors...