Nuria Morfin,Ricardo Anguiano-Baez,Ernesto Guzman-Novoa
Nuria Morfin
At the individual level, honey bees (Apis mellifera) rely on innate immunity, which operates through cellular and humoral mechanisms, to defend themselves against infectious agents and parasites. At the colony level, honey bees have develop...
Honey Bee Nutrition [0.03%]
蜂蜜蜂营养
Jennifer M Tsuruda,Priyadarshini Chakrabarti,Ramesh R Sagili
Jennifer M Tsuruda
Optimal nutrition is crucial for honey bee colony growth and robust immune systems. Honey bee nutrition is complex and depends on the floral composition of the landscape. Foraging behavior of honey bees depends on both colony environment an...
Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Health Considerations in Commercial Beekeeping [0.03%]
商业养蜂中西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)的健康问题考虑
Daniel Wyns
Daniel Wyns
In addition to the challenges faced by all honeybees, colonies that are managed as part of a commercial beekeeping operation may be subject to additional stressors that are not common to beekeeping outside of a commercial setting. Practices...
Epidemiology and Biosecurity for Veterinarians Working with Honey bees (Apis mellifera) [0.03%]
与蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)有关的兽医流行病学和生物安全措施
Britteny Kyle,Katie Lee,Stephen F Pernal
Britteny Kyle
Honeybee veterinary medicine is a developing field in Canada and the United States. Veterinarians interested in working with honeybees should develop a comprehensive knowledge base on disease dynamics as it applies to the individual, colony...
Working with State and Provincial Apiary Programs to Manage Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Health [0.03%]
与州和省级养蜂计划合作管理西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)健康状况
Kim Skyrm,Natasha Garcia-Andersen,Mary Reed et al.
Kim Skyrm et al.
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) health and hive transport are regulated by local apiary programs composed of apiary inspectors. Inspectors monitor and ensure the health of honey bees through field visits to apiaries where they inspect, identify,...
Registered Medicinal Products for Use in Honey Bees in the United States and Canada [0.03%]
美国和加拿大注册用于蜜蜂的药用产品
Tracy S Farone
Tracy S Farone
A 2017 US Food and Drug Administration mandate requiring veterinary oversight for medically important antibiotics used in agricultural animals, including honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) created a "new" animal requiring veterinary involvement...
Honey Bee Diagnostics [0.03%]
蜜蜂诊断法
Don I Hopkins,Jennifer J Keller
Don I Hopkins
Honey bees are faced with many diseases, some more serious than others. Observing irregularities during routine hive inspection may indicate potential problems. Not all disorders are equally important; some are more detrimental and need imm...
Common Noninfectious Conditions of the Honey bees (Apis mellifera) Colony [0.03%]
西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)常见的非传染性疾病条件
Jeffrey R Applegate Jr
Jeffrey R Applegate Jr
Honey bee colonies can be afflicted by serious conditions beyond infectious etiologies. Noninfectious conditions, such as starvation, laying worker colonies, and environmental dysregulation, can be as devastating as any disease. Improper hi...
Deborah J M Pasho,Jeffrey R Applegate Jr,Don I Hopkins
Deborah J M Pasho
Infectious and parasitic diseases plague honey bees similarly to that of other food animal species. A complete understanding of each is necessary for a honey bee veterinarian to establish a strong veterinarian-client-patient relationship an...
The Social Life of Honey Bees [0.03%]
蜜蜂的社会生活
Stephen F Pernal
Stephen F Pernal
Honey bees have evolved to use pollen, nectar, and water as their principal food sources. Their success is linked to the establishment of large colonies with one female reproductive member, three distinct social castes, a division of labor ...