Randy W Rosenboom
Randy W Rosenboom
Rumen development from weaning, 200 pounds (91 kg) to 400 pounds (181.2 kg), is critical and depend on proper papillae development. Papillae development is tied to propionic and butyric acid production in the rumen, and this favors a diet b...
Dave Wood
Dave Wood
CMR's should be composed primarily of milk proteins, lactose as the sole carbohydrate source, lipids composed of edible grade tallow or lard with consideration for medium-chain fatty acids derived from coconut oil that mimic those in milk f...
Cryptosporidiosis [0.03%]
隐孢子虫病
Pamela R F Adkins
Pamela R F Adkins
Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of diarrhea among preweaned dairy calves. In the United States, the most common species of Cryptosporidium found in dairy calves is Cryptosporidium parvum, an important zoonotic species. Cryptosporidiosis...
Bacterial Causes of Intestinal Disease in Dairy Calves: Acceptable Control Measures [0.03%]
乳牛犊肠病的细菌病因及其可接受的防治措施
Tamara Gull
Tamara Gull
Although diarrhea in dairy calves is common, it is not always due to bacteria. Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Clostridium perfringens are the most commonly implicated bacteria, but an etiologic diagnosis should be sought before specific ...
Changing Demographics of the Commercial Dairy Calf Industry: Why Use Beef on Dairy? [0.03%]
商业奶犊牛行业的变化：为什么在奶牛中使用肉牛品种？
Scott E Poock,Jonathon L Beckett
Scott E Poock
The use of beef bulls on dairy cattle has increased in the last 6 years. In fact, beef semen sales have more than doubled. Dairyman needs to capture real value for the beef on dairy cross calf, selection of beef sires that produce offspring...
Honey Bee Veterinary Medicine: A Developing Field [0.03%]
蜂蜜bee兽医学：一个新兴领域
注意，这里的"蜂蜜bee兽医学"可能需要根据具体情况进行调整，因为"Honey Bee"通常指的是"蜜蜂"而非"蜂蜜bee"。更准确的翻译可能是"蜜蜂兽医学：一个正在发展的领域"。
Jeffrey R Applegate Jr,Britteny Kyle
Jeffrey R Applegate Jr
Britteny Kyle,Jeffrey R Applegate Jr
Britteny Kyle
Euthanasia of animals is a cornerstone of veterinary medicine. Currently, no official criteria are set for the euthanasia or dispatch of a honey bee colony. Many methods are used around the world and vary with regards to technique, material...
Cynthia M Faux,Terry Ryan Kane
Cynthia M Faux
This article reviews how veterinarians can assist their apiarist clients in identifying hazards and risks to the apiary. Veterinarians can work with clients to navigate the various phases of disaster planning and response, as well as be a s...
Foreign Pests as Potential Threats to North American Apiculture: Tropilaelaps mercedesae, Euvarroa spp, Vespa mandarinia, and Vespa velutina [0.03%]
外来害虫作为北美养蜂业的潜在威胁：Tropilaelaps mercedesae，Euvarroa spp，Vespa mandarinia和Vespa velutina
Samuel D Ramsey
Samuel D Ramsey
Honey bees face a broad range of threats globally. Many of these threats originate outside of North America because honey bees are an introduced species. Invasive pests are among the most widely distributed, damaging, and economically costl...
Tanushree Tiwari,Amro Zayed
Tanushree Tiwari
The honey bee Apis mellifera is a model organism for sociogenomics and one of the most important managed pollinators. High mortalities experienced by honey bee colonies over the past several decades are expected to have a substantive effect...