Oral Cavity Examination, Common Findings, and Care in Zoo-Housed Mammals [0.03%]
动物园哺乳动物口腔检查的常见发现和护理措施
Pavel Kvapil,Peter Omejc,Ana Nemec
Pavel Kvapil
Oral cavity care is essential for the health and well-being of zoo-housed mammals, as captive diets often fail to replicate their natural feeding behaviors, leading to a variety of oral and dental diseases. Different species face unique cha...
Norin Chai,Renaud Boistel
Norin Chai
Amphibians display unique anatomic and physiologic characteristics within their oral cavities that reflect their diverse feeding behaviors and ecological roles. This article reviews key aspects of amphibian oral cavity anatomy, physiology, ...
Gastroenterology in Rodents [0.03%]
啮齿动物的胃肠病学
Vladimír Jekl,David Modry
Vladimír Jekl
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are frequently diagnosed in rodents. Clinical signs are usually nonspecific and include anorexia, weight loss, chronic wasting, abdominal discomfort, gas accumulation in the intestine and stomach, and diarrhea...
Application of Diagnostic Imaging in Exotic Animal Gastroenterology [0.03%]
兽医诊断影像在 exotic 动物胃肠病学中的应用
Robert J T Doneley
Robert J T Doneley
Imaging of an exotic animal with gastroenteric disease is often essential to make a diagnosis. The selection of a modality and its effective use needs careful consideration in each case. Obtaining a high-quality image and its interpretation...
Dario d&#x;Ovidio,Chiara Adami
Dario d&#x;Ovidio
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are very common in exotic animals, such as reptiles, birds, mammals, and can be extremely painful. This review aims to provide the reader with a better understanding of the different pain mechanisms and manif...
Caitlin M Hepps Keeney,Olivia A Petritz
Caitlin M Hepps Keeney
Exotic pet ownership has steadily increased over the last decade, and with increased numbers of these species in close contact with humans, the risk of gastrointestinal zoonoses has also increased. Non-typhoidal serovars of Salmonella enter...
Julianne E McCready
Julianne E McCready
This article reviews treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in exotic companion mammal species, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Treatment of GI stasis involves fluids, nutrition, and analgesia; there is minimal evidence suggest...
Joanna Hedley,Jessica M Hornby
Joanna Hedley
Reptile and amphibian veterinarians are frequently presented with patients exhibiting clinical signs suggestive of gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Understanding the normal structure and function of the GI tract is essential to aid appropriat...
Julianne E McCready
Julianne E McCready
Antimicrobials should be used judiciously when managing gastrointestinal disorders in exotic animals. Oral administration of antibiotics targeting gram-positive flora must be avoided in hindgut fermenters. Immunosuppressives may be indicate...
Fish Gastroenterology [0.03%]
鱼的胃肠学
Juliette Raulic,Karine Béland,Claire Vergneau-Grosset
Juliette Raulic
Fish represent the most common companion exotic animal in the United States and Canada in number of individuals and hold the third place after dogs and cats in terms of the number of households. Beyond companion animals, fish gastrointestin...