Avian endosurgery [0.03%]
鸟类内窥镜手术
Stephen J Divers
Stephen J Divers
Endoscopy has proven to be an important diagnostic tool for avian veterinarians wishing to visualize and biopsy internal structures. To date, most of the described endoscopic procedures are single-entry techniques. The use of miniature lapa...
Avian diagnostic endoscopy [0.03%]
禽诊断内镜学
Stephen J Divers
Stephen J Divers
Unlike most animals, birds are blessed by an air sac system that essentially provides the endoscopist with a preinsufflated patient. Thanks to this unique anatomy and the pioneering work of Greg Harrison, Michael Taylor, and other avian vet...
Stephen J Divers
Stephen J Divers
The first descriptions of endoscopy date back to the times of Hippocrates (460-377 BC), who described the use of a rectal speculum in humans. Since that time, technologic advances have fueled the development of endoscopy equipment. The appl...
Drury R Reavill,Gerry M Dorrestein
Drury R Reavill
Aging processes leading to specific organ problems are not obvious in aging psittacines. In general, birds live long and age slowly despite their high metabolic rates and very high total lifetime energy expenditures. Most pathologic process...
Care of the geriatric rabbit [0.03%]
老年兔子的护理
Angela M Lennox
Angela M Lennox
The average life span reported in laboratory and lay literature for the domestic rabbit is 5 to 10 years. The author and other veterinarians are now regularly seeing rabbits living to 9 or 10 years, the oldest reported in the author's pract...
Sharman M Hoppes
Sharman M Hoppes
Ferrets are an increasingly popular pet in the United States. They are active, gregarious pets that delight their owners with playful antics. One of the issues that ferret owners and veterinarians have had to deal with is their shortened li...
The ancient rat [0.03%]
古鼠化石
Vicky L Haines
Vicky L Haines
The past decade has seen an increase in the number of rodents being kept as pets and subsequently in the number of rodent owners seeking veterinary services. The common rat, (Rattus norvegicus) has become increasingly popular, particularly ...
Jeffrey R Jenkins
Jeffrey R Jenkins
Guinea pigs and chinchillas, which have become increasingly popular pets, are today more commonly presented as adult and geriatric animals. Problems of older guinea pigs and chinchillas include those related to diet and management, infectio...
The aging raptor [0.03%]
苍鹰的暮年生活
Tim Tristan
Tim Tristan
There is little information available in the literature regarding geriatric raptor medicine. Estimating the life span of birds of prey and evaluating factors that influence longevity are continuing to be explored. Identifying disease condit...
Geriatric psittacine medicine [0.03%]
老年鹦鹉医学
Teresa L Lightfoot
Teresa L Lightfoot
This article investigates geriatric psittacine medicine; it identifies how to recognize and treat pain, and describes disease conditions by system, administration of medicine, and examination techniques. ...