Is salt, vitamin, or endocrinopathy causing this encephalopathy? A review of endocrine and metabolic causes of altered level of consciousness [0.03%]
是盐、维生素还是内分泌紊乱引起的精神病？内分泌和代谢性意识水平改变的原因回顾
Jennifer J Casaletto
Jennifer J Casaletto
Altered level of consciousness describes the reason for 3% of critical emergency department (ED) visits. Approximately 85% will be found to have a metabolic or systemic cause. Early laboratory studies such as a bedside glucose test, serum e...
Jin H Han,Amanda Wilson,E Wesley Ely
Jin H Han
Delirium is defined as an acute change in cognition that cannot be better accounted for by a preexisting or evolving dementia. This form of organ dysfunction commonly occurs in older patients in the emergency department (ED) and is associat...
Psychiatric considerations in patients with decreased levels of consciousness [0.03%]
意识水平下降患者的 psychiatry 考虑因素
James L Young,Douglas Rund
James L Young
When patients present to the emergency department with changes in behavior and levels of consciousness, psychiatric causes often move to the top of the list of diagnostic considerations. It is important to thoroughly assess such patients fo...
Brian J Blyth,Jeffrey J Bazarian
Brian J Blyth
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) refers to the clinical condition of transient alteration of consciousness as a result of traumatic injury to the brain. The priority of emergency care is to identify and facilitate the treatment of rare bu...
Central nervous system infections as a cause of an altered mental status? What is the pathogen growing in your central nervous system? [0.03%]
中枢神经系统感染所致意识障碍的原因是什么？你的中枢神经系统里正在生长的病原体是什么？
Sharon E Mace
Sharon E Mace
There are several central nervous system (CNS) infections (meningitis, encephalitis, and brain abscess), any of which may present with an altered level of consciousness. Because CNS infections can have a devastating outcome, it is important...
David E Slattery,Charles V Pollack Jr
David E Slattery
The differential diagnosis and empiric management of altered mental status and seizures often overlap. Altered mental status may accompany seizures or simply be the manifestation of a postictal state. This article provides an overview of th...
Jason W J Fischer,Christine S Cho
Jason W J Fischer
Pediatric syncope is a common presentation in the emergency department. Most causes are benign, but an evaluation must exclude rare life-threatening disorders. The lack of objective findings can pose a challenge. This case-based review emph...
The emergency department approach to syncope: evidence-based guidelines and prediction rules [0.03%]
急诊室中与晕厥相关的紧急处理方法及预测措施的实证标准和指导原则
Chad Kessler,Jenny M Tristano,Robert De Lorenzo
Chad Kessler
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness associated with inability to maintain postural tone followed by spontaneous recovery and return to baseline neurologic status. Global cerebral hypoperfusion is the final pathway common to...
Helen Ouyang,James Quinn
Helen Ouyang
With a careful history, physical examination, and directed investigation, physicians can determine the likely cause of syncope in more than 50% and perhaps up to 80% of patients. Understanding the cause of syncope allows clinicians to deter...
Dizzy and confused: a step-by-step evaluation of the clinician's favorite chief complaint [0.03%]
头晕目眩：一种临床医生最喜爱的主诉——逐步评估法
Christine Kulstad,Blaine Hannafin
Christine Kulstad
This article covers the general approach to patients who present to the emergency department with a complaint of dizziness or vertigo, and altered mentation. Patients' histories and physical examination findings are discussed first, then a ...