Helen Ouyang,James Quinn
Helen Ouyang
With a careful history, physical examination, and directed investigation, physicians can determine the likely cause of syncope in more than 50% and perhaps up to 80% of patients. Understanding the cause of syncope allows clinicians to deter...
Dizzy and confused: a step-by-step evaluation of the clinician's favorite chief complaint [0.03%]
头晕目眩：一种临床医生最喜爱的主诉——逐步评估法
Christine Kulstad,Blaine Hannafin
Christine Kulstad
This article covers the general approach to patients who present to the emergency department with a complaint of dizziness or vertigo, and altered mentation. Patients' histories and physical examination findings are discussed first, then a ...
Jasmine Koita,Sylvana Riggio,Andy Jagoda
Jasmine Koita
A systematic approach to assessing mental status in the emergency department is key to identifying alterations in mental status and to directing diagnostic testing and management. After initial stabilization of the patient, it is critical t...
Rachel L Chin
Rachel L Chin
Health care workers are at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infectious pathogens through exposure to blood and body fluids. Antiretroviral medications have been prescribed for postexposure prophylaxis following occupati...
Metabolic and hepatobiliary side effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) [0.03%]
抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的代谢及肝胆副作用
Daniel M Lugassy,Brenna M Farmer,Lewis S Nelson
Daniel M Lugassy
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been in use since 1987, the initiation of highly active ART has produced an increase in adverse drug reactions. This is a new challenge as many of the adverse ...
George W Beatty
George W Beatty
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) must be considered in the differential diagnosis for any patient infected with HIV who has begun ART in the preceding months. Distinguishing between manifestations of IRIS and active infect...
Wesley H Self
Wesley H Self
Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, also known as primary HIV infection, is the initial phase of infection, spanning from inoculation to the establishment of CD4 count and viral load set points. This phase is marked by dynam...
Mercedes Torres
Mercedes Torres
In 2001 and then again in 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published guidelines recommending universal HIV screening in acute care settings, including emergency departments (EDs). The value of early identification ...