Usha D Nagaraj,Karin S Bierbrauer,Charles B Stevenson
Usha D Nagaraj
This review covers the embryology, definition, and diagnosis of open spinal dysraphism with a focus on fetal ultrasound and MR imaging findings. Differentiating open versus closed spinal dysraphic defects on fetal imaging will also be discu...
Manuel Patino,Camilo Jaimes,Caroline D Robson
Manuel Patino
Prenatal MRI plays an essential role in the evaluation of the head and neck. This article overviews technical considerations and both isolated and syndromic anomalies of the fetal calvarium, globes and orbits, ears, maxilla, mandible, and n...
Sheng-Che Hung,Hisham Dahmoush,Han-Jui Lee et al.
Sheng-Che Hung et al.
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of fetal MR imaging in supratentorial cerebral malformations. It emphasizes the importance of fetal MR imaging as an adjunct diagnostic tool used alongside ultrasound, improving the dete...
Valeria Peña-Trujillo,Sebastian Gallo-Bernal,John Kirsch et al.
Valeria Peña-Trujillo et al.
Medical imaging, particularly fetal MR imaging, has undergone a transformative shift with the introduction of 3 Tesla (3T) clinical MR imaging systems. The utilization of higher static magnetic fields in these systems has resulted in remark...
Reza Forghani,Ashok Srinivasan
Reza Forghani
Basic Science of Neuroinflammation and Involvement of the Inflammatory Response in Disorders of the Nervous System [0.03%]
神经炎症的基础科学及炎症反应在神经系统疾病中的作用
Sepideh Parsi,Cindy Zhu,Negin Jalali Motlagh et al.
Sepideh Parsi et al.
Neuroinflammation is a key immune response observed in many neurologic diseases. Although an appropriate immune response can be beneficial, aberrant activation of this response recruits excessive proinflammatory cells to cause damage. Becau...
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Update and Clinically-Oriented Radiologic Reporting [0.03%]
多发性硬化症的临床进展及临床导向放射学报告
Phuong Nguyen,Torge Rempe,Reza Forghani
Phuong Nguyen
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nervous system. MR imaging findings play an integral part in establishing diagnostic hallmarks of the disease during initial diagnosis and evaluating disease status. Multiple ...
Infectious Diseases of the Brain and Spine: Parasitic and Other Atypical Transmissible Diseases [0.03%]
中枢神经感染性疾病：寄生虫和其他非常见传染性疾病
Dhairya A Lakhani,Francis Deng,Doris D M Lin
Dhairya A Lakhani
Atypical infections of the brain and spine caused by parasites occur in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts, related to exposure and more prevalently in endemic regions. In the United States, the most common parasitic infections that...
Dhairya A Lakhani,Francis Deng,Doris D M Lin
Dhairya A Lakhani
Advances in treatments of autoimmune diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, organ transplantation, and the use of long-term devices have increased the rates of atypical infections due to prolonged immune suppression. There is a signi...
Pattana Wangaryattawanich,Amy M Condos,Tanya J Rath
Pattana Wangaryattawanich
Spinal infections are a diverse group of diseases affecting different compartments of the spine with variable clinical and imaging presentations. Diagnosis of spinal infections is based on a combination of clinical features, laboratory mark...