Disruption of the somitic molecular clock causes abnormal vertebral segmentation [0.03%]
分子钟的紊乱导致异常的脊椎分节
Duncan B Sparrow,Gavin Chapman,Peter D Turnpenny et al.
Duncan B Sparrow et al.
Somites are the precursors of the vertebral column. They segment from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) that is caudally located and newly generated from the tailbud. Somites form in synchrony on either side of the embryonic midline in a reiter...
Gregg Duester
Gregg Duester
Retinoic acid (RA) is a signaling molecule synthesized from vitamin A that controls gene expression at the transcriptional level by functioning as a ligand for nuclear RA receptors. RA plays an essential role during embryonic development in...
Molecular clocks underlying vertebrate embryo segmentation: A 10-year-old hairy-go-round [0.03%]
脊椎动物胚胎节段形成的分子钟：关于hairy周期的十年研究
Raquel P Andrade,Isabel Palmeirim,Fernanda Bajanca
Raquel P Andrade
Segmentation of the vertebrate embryo body is a fundamental developmental process that occurs with strict temporal precision. Temporal control of this process is achieved through molecular segmentation clocks, evidenced by oscillations of g...
Integrative database management for mouse development: systems and concepts [0.03%]
整合的小鼠发育数据库：系统与概念
Amar V Singh,Eric C Rouchka,Greg A Rempala et al.
Amar V Singh et al.
Cells in the developing embryo must integrate complex signals from the genome and environment to make decisions about their behavior or fate. The ability to understand the fundamental biology of the decision-making process, and how these de...
Protein electron transfer (mechanism and reproductive toxicity): iminium, hydrogen bonding, homoconjugation, amino acid side chains (redox and charged), and cell signaling [0.03%]
蛋白质电子转移（机制和生殖毒性）：亚胺、氢键、同共轭、氨基酸侧链（氧化还原和电荷）及细胞信号转导
Peter Kovacic
Peter Kovacic
This contribution presents novel biochemical perspectives of protein electron transfer (ET) with focus on the iminium nature of the peptide link, along with relationships to reproductive toxicity. The favorable influence of hydrogen bonding...
Jonathan D Holz,Tzong-jen Sheu,Hicham Drissi et al.
Jonathan D Holz et al.
In this treatise we will examine complexities in the development and function of cells of the musculoskeletal system. Specifically, the role of chondrocytes and their ontogeny and osteoblasts and their ontogeny will be discussed as they reg...
Human stem cells, chromatin, and tissue engineering: boosting relevancy in developmental toxicity testing [0.03%]
人多能干细胞、染色体和组织工程在发育毒性检测中的应用：提高相关性的方法
Elizabeth Cho,Wan-Ju Li
Elizabeth Cho
Risk assessment derives its confidence from toxicology research that is based on relevancy to human health. This article focuses on two highly topical areas of current scientific research, stem cells and chromatin biology, which present new...
Thoracic skeletal defects and cardiac malformations: a common epigenetic link? [0.03%]
thoracic骨骼缺陷和心脏畸形：一个常见的表观遗传联系吗？
Andrea D Weston,Terence R S Ozolins,Nigel A Brown
Andrea D Weston
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defects in humans. In addition, cardiac malformations represent the most frequently identified anomaly in teratogenicity experiments with laboratory animals. To explore the mechanism...
Elena Menegola,Francesca Di Renzo,Maria Luisa Broccia et al.
Elena Menegola et al.
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are nuclear and cytoplasmic enzymes that deacetylate a number of substrates, of which histones are the best known and described in the literature. HDACs are present in eukaryotic and bacteria cells, and are fund...
Joanne Wan,Louise M Winn
Joanne Wan
It is becoming more evident that not only can drugs and environmental chemicals interfere with normal fetal development by causing structural malformations, such as limb defects, but that xenobiotic exposure during development can also caus...