Interferon free hepatitis C treatment regimens: the beginning of another era [0.03%]
无需干扰素的丙型肝炎治疗方案：另一个时代的开始
Fred Poordad,Grace M Chee
Fred Poordad
Hepatitis C is a virus affecting millions worldwide and is a major health risk. With the potentially severe adverse event profile of the current backbone of therapy, interferon, there is an impetus to discover interferon free treatment regi...
Farnesoid x receptor agonists: what they are and how they might be used in treating liver disease [0.03%]
法尼醇X受体激动剂：它们是什么以及如何用于治疗肝病
Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri
Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor expressed in the liver, small intestine, kidneys, and adrenals. In mouse liver, FXR is bound to thousands of genomic DNA binding sites. Conformational changes induced by bile acid binding...
Jody C Olson,Patrick S Kamath
Jody C Olson
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical entity that is well recognized by those who care for patients with cirrhosis, however in spite of this widespread recognition, there remains little consensus with regard to definition and ...
Evolving perspectives in Wilson disease: diagnosis, treatment and monitoring [0.03%]
威尔森病的诊断、治疗和监测方法的发展与展望
Karl Heinz Weiss,Wolfgang Stremmel
Karl Heinz Weiss
Wilson disease (WD), the autosomal recessively inherited copper overload disorder, remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In the last decade, direct sequencing of the affected gene ATP7B became commercially available, but interpret...
George Sachs,David R Scott,Yi Wen
George Sachs
Helicobacter pylori infects half of the world's population and plays a causal role in ulcer disease and gastric cancer. This pathogenic neutralophile uniquely colonizes the acidic gastric milieu through the process of acid acclimation. Acid...
Bruno Annibale,Edith Lahner,Gianfranco Delle Fave
Bruno Annibale
Pernicious anemia is a macrocytic anemia due to cobalamin deficiency, which is the result of intrinsic factor deficiency. Pernicious anemia is associated with atrophic body gastritis, whose diagnostic criteria are based on the histologic ev...
Nils W G Lambrecht
Nils W G Lambrecht
Ménétrier's disease is a rare hyperproliferative protein-losing gastropathy of the gastric foveolar epithelium. Most common symptoms include epigastric pain with fullness and vomiting, and generalized peripheral edema with hypoalbuminemia...
Vinay Chandrasekhara,Gregory G Ginsberg
Vinay Chandrasekhara
Subepithelial lesions are increasingly being identified with improved endoscopic imaging technologies. Many of these lesions are now recognized as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Recent advances in immunohistochemistry have allowed...
Ingrid Lisanne Holster,Ernst Johan Kuipers
Ingrid Lisanne Holster
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common gastrointestinal emergency, with peptic ulcer as the most common cause. Appropriate resuscitation followed by early endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment are of major importance in these pa...
Christina A Tennyson,Carol E Semrad
Christina A Tennyson
The small intestine has been difficult to examine by traditional endoscopic and radiologic techniques. Within the past 10 years, advances have led to an explosion of technologies that facilitate examination of the entire small intestine. Wi...