Endoscopic ultrasonographic assessment of gastric polyps and endoscopic mucosal resection [0.03%]
内镜超声对胃息肉的评估及内镜下黏膜切除术治疗效果回顾
Brintha K Enestvedt,Vinay Chandrasekhara,Gregory G Ginsberg
Brintha K Enestvedt
Gastric polyps refer to a heterogeneous group of epithelial- and subepithelial-based lesions that vary in histology and malignant potential. Although many gastric polyps have characteristic endoscopic appearances, their diagnosis, classific...
Andreas Stengel,Yvette Taché
Andreas Stengel
Ingestion of food affects the secretion of hormones from specialized endocrine cells scattered within the intestinal mucosa. Upon release, these hormones mostly decrease food intake by signaling information to the brain. Although enteroendo...
Graham J Dockray,Andy Moore,Andrea Varro et al.
Graham J Dockray et al.
C-terminally amidated gastrins act at cholecystokinin-2 receptors (CCK2R), which are normally expressed by gastric parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells and smooth muscle; there is also extensive expression in the CNS where the mai...
Mark Kidd,Bjorn I Gustafsson
Mark Kidd
Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomach can be divided into the usually well-differentiated, hypergastrinemia-dependent type I and II lesions and the more aggressively behaving gastrin-independent type III lesions. Mainly due to bet...
J Addley,R M Mitchell
J Addley
The causes of obstructive jaundice are varied, and timely, accurate methods of investigation are essential to avoid the development of complications. Imaging, invasive or non-invasive, should be carefully selected depending on the suspected...
Cholangiocarcinoma treatment [0.03%]
胆管癌的治疗
Halim Charbel,Firas H Al-Kawas
Halim Charbel
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a tumor of the bile ducts that usually presents with biliary obstruction and has a poor prognosis. The treatment of CCA is challenging as the tumor is usually diagnosed late and the treatments are not very effect...
Antibiotics for irritable bowel syndrome: rationale and current evidence [0.03%]
肠易激综合征的抗生素治疗：循证依据与临床实践
Amit H Sachdev,Mark Pimentel
Amit H Sachdev
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal condition effecting adults in developed countries worldwide. Over the last decade, evidence has emerged suggesting that gut bacteria play a role in the pathophysiology of IB...
Fergus Shanahan
Fergus Shanahan
The colonic ecosystem differs from that in the proximal gut in several important respects. The colonic microbiota represents the largest population of microbes colonizing humans from birth. Constraints on bacterial numbers, composition, and...
Davinder K Sandhu,Christina Surawicz
Davinder K Sandhu
Chronic diarrhea is a common patient complaint, with an estimated prevalence of 5 %. Diarrhea is defined as >200 g/day of stool with decreased consistency, and chronic diarrhea is defined as lasting more than 4 weeks. The purpose of this re...
Familial colon cancer syndromes: an update of a rapidly evolving field [0.03%]
家族性结直肠癌综合征的研究进展：一个迅速发展的领域综述更新
Swati G Patel,Dennis J Ahnen
Swati G Patel
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Up to 30 % of CRCs have evidence of a familial component, and about 5 % are thought to be due to well-characterized inherited mutations. This review will focu...