When randomization is not random: Allocation bias in small sample, group sequential randomized clinical trials [0.03%]
当随机不是随机时：小样本分组序贯临床试验中的分配偏差
Daniel Bodden,Ralf-Dieter Hilgers,Franz König
Daniel Bodden
Even in rare diseases, where the sample size is limited and blinding is less frequently implemented, randomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard to prove efficacy. Randomization is used to mitigate bias and regulatory guid...
A double-semiparametric approach for extending mixture cure models with interval-censored data [0.03%]
一种用于扩展区间删失数据混合治愈模型的双半参数方法
Xiaoyu Liu,Zsolt Szabo,Liming Xiang
Xiaoyu Liu
Mixture cure models (MCMs) have become a valuable tool for analyzing failure time data in settings where a subset of individuals is considered to be "cured" or no longer experience the failure event of interest. Under the MCM framework, the...
Sandra Siegfried,Bálint Tamási,Torsten Hothorn
Sandra Siegfried
Over the last five decades, we have seen strong methodological advances in survival analysis, using parametric methods and, more prominently, methods based on non-/semi-parametric estimation. As the methodological landscape continues to evo...
Quantifying the effects of air pollution on respiratory ill health treated in primary care when the locations of the populations at risk are partially unknown [0.03%]
暴露位置信息不完整时基于初级诊疗数据估算空气污染对呼吸系统疾病的健康效应研究
Qiangqiang Zhu,Duncan Lee,Oliver Stoner
Qiangqiang Zhu
Most air pollution and health studies focus on severe outcomes such as hospitalisations and deaths, overlooking the impact that air pollution may have on non-hospitalised respiratory ill health treated in primary care. This paper presents a...
A practical review of response-adaptive randomization: Under-explored challenges and potential directions [0.03%]
响应适应性随机化的实际回顾：被忽视的挑战和潜在方向
Hao Mei,Xiaolin Xu,Hang Yang et al.
Hao Mei et al.
Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) dynamically adjusts allocation probabilities of sequentially enrolled patients based on accumulating response information. It has gained increasing attention in clinical trials for its ability to enhanc...
The applicability to systematic reviews of common effect, random effects and fixed effects approaches to meta-analysis [0.03%]
常见、随机和固定效应方法的meta分析在系统综述中的实用性
Richard J Stevens
Richard J Stevens
Systematic reviewers planning quantitative meta-analysis usually choose between fixed effect meta-analysis, and random effects meta-analysis. An alternative method is called fixed effects (note the s in the name). This method has the unique...
Bayesian sample size determination using robust commensurate priors with interpretable discrepancy weights [0.03%]
基于可解释差异权重的稳健共轭先验的贝叶斯样本量确定方法研究
Lou E Whitehead,James Ms Wason,Oliver Sailer et al.
Lou E Whitehead et al.
Randomized controlled clinical trials provide the gold standard for evidence generation in relation to the efficacy of a new treatment in clinical research. Relevant information from previous studies may be desirable to incorporate in the d...
A flexible semiparametric approach for robust causal inference with invalid instruments and unmeasured confounder [0.03%]
一种灵活的半参数方法，用于具有无效工具变量和潜在混杂因素情况下的稳健因果推断
Yunlong Cao,Yuquan Wang,Dapeng Shi et al.
Yunlong Cao et al.
Inferring causal effects with unmeasured confounder is a main challenge in causal inference. Many researchers impose parametric assumptions on the distribution of unmeasured confounder. However, due to the unobservable nature of the unmeasu...
Ying Cui,Jeong Hoon Jang,Robert G Mannino et al.
Ying Cui et al.
In this paper, we develop a novel method for clustering multiple images while adjusting for the effect of available covariates on cluster membership. The key strategy is to represent each image as two-dimensional functional data and formula...
Implementing empirical likelihood within the causal inference framework to study causal effects of air pollution on reproductive development [0.03%]
在因果推断框架下实现经验似然研究空气污染对生殖发育的因果效应
Sima Sharghi,Kevin E Stoll,Sally W Thurston et al.
Sima Sharghi et al.
To study whether air pollution is detrimental to reproductive development is imperative. In the absence of randomized trials to study the effects of air pollution on human health, data from observational studies have been utilized in which ...