'An attempt to trace illusions to their physical causes': atmospheric mirages and the performance of their demystification in the 1820s and 1830s [0.03%]
《试图追溯幻象的物理原因》：二十世纪二三十年代大气折射现象及其揭秘述评
Fiona Amery
Fiona Amery
This article suggests that, during the 1820s and 1830s, Britain experienced a mirage moment. A greater volume of material was published on the mirage in scientific journals, treatises, travel literature and novels during these two decades t...
Rosanna Dent
Rosanna Dent
In 1962 a team of scientists conducted their first joint fieldwork in a Xavante village in Central Brazil. Recycling long-standing notions that living Indigenous people represented human prehistory, the scientists saw Indigenous people as u...
The logistics of the Republic of Letters: mercantile undercurrents of early modern scholarly knowledge circulation [0.03%]
书信共和国的物流：早期现代学术知识传播的商业暗流
Jacob Orrje
Jacob Orrje
Anglo-Swedish scholarly correspondence from the mid-eighteenth century contains repeated mentions of two merchants, Abraham Spalding and Gustavus Brander. The letters describe how these men facilitated the exchange of knowledge over the Bal...
What is science for? The Lighthill report on artificial intelligence reinterpreted [0.03%]
科学何为？莱特希尔的人工智能报告及其再思考
Jon Agar
Jon Agar
This paper uses a case study of a 1970s controversy in artificial-intelligence (AI) research to explore how scientists understand the relationships between research and practical applications. It is part of a project that seeks to map such ...
Why Semmelweis's doctrine was rejected: evidence from the first publication of his results by Friedrich Wieger, and an editorial commenting on the results [0.03%]
塞梅尔维斯理论被否定的原因：弗里德里希·魏格尔出版其研究成果及一篇评论性文章的实例分析
Nicholas Kadar,Russell D Croft
Nicholas Kadar
We present English translations of two French documents to show that the main reason for the rejection of Semmelweis's theory of the cause of childbed (puerperal) fever was because his proof relied on the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy, ...
Race before Darwin: Variation, adaptation and the natural history of man in post-Enlightenment Edinburgh, 1790-1835 [0.03%]
达尔文之前关于种族的争论：启蒙运动之后的爱丁堡的人类变异、进化和自然历史（1790-1835）
Bill Jenkins
Bill Jenkins
This paper draws on material from the dissertation books of the University of Edinburgh's student societies and surviving lecture notes from the university's professors to shed new light on the debates on human variation, heredity and the o...
Performing in a different place: the use of a prodigy to the Dublin Philosophical Society [0.03%]
在不同的地方表演：都柏林哲学学会对神童的利用
Paddy Holt
Paddy Holt
From 8 February until at least 19 April 1686, the Dublin Philosophical Society was occupied with a prodigiously talented young girl whose name was never recorded. She was less than eleven years of age, but still much older than the society ...
Cultivating famine: data, experimentation and food security, 1795-1848 [0.03%]
培育饥荒：数据、试验与粮食安全（1795—1848）
John Lidwell-Durnin
John Lidwell-Durnin
Collecting seeds and specimens was an integral aspect of botany and natural history in the eighteenth century. Historians have until recently paid less attention to the importance of collecting, trading and compiling knowledge of their cult...
The green airliner that never was: aerodynamic theory, fuel-efficiency and the role of the British state in aviation technology in the mid-twentieth century [0.03%]
二十世纪中期的英国航空技术作用：空气动力学理论和燃油效率——一个从未实现的绿色客机项目
Graham Spinardi
Graham Spinardi
Two aerodynamic concepts theorized in the early twentieth century - laminar-flow control and flying wings - offer the potential for more efficient aircraft. However, despite compelling advantages on paper and optimistic predictions, the fue...
Ivan Boldyrev,Till DÜppe
Ivan Boldyrev
In the wake of Stalin's death, many Soviet scientists saw the opportunity to promote their methods as tools for the engineering of economic prosperity in the socialist state. The mathematician Leonid Kantorovich (1912-1986) was a key activi...