Harmonized Estimation of Subgroup-Specific Treatment Effects in Randomized Trials: The Use of External Control Data [0.03%]
利用外部对照数据随机试验中特定亚组治疗效应的统合估计
Daniel Schwartz,Riddhiman Saha,Steffen Ventz et al.
Daniel Schwartz et al.
Subgroup analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) constitute an important component of the drug development process in precision medicine. In particular, subgroup analyses of early-stage trials often influence the design and eligibil...
Aaron Hudson,Marco Carone,Ali Shojaie
Aaron Hudson
It is often of interest to make inference on an unknown function that is a local parameter of the data-generating mechanism, such as a density or regression function. Such estimands can typically only be estimated at a slower-than-parametri...
Robust Detection of Watermarks for Large Language Models Under Human Edits [0.03%]
人类编辑下大型语言模型鲁棒水印检测方法研究
Xiang Li,Feng Ruan,Huiyuan Wang et al.
Xiang Li et al.
Watermarking has offered an effective approach to distinguishing text generated by large language models (LLMs) from human-written text. However, the pervasive presence of human edits on LLM-generated text dilutes watermark signals, thereby...
Covariate-assisted bounds on causal effects with instrumental variables [0.03%]
借助工具变量的协变量辅助因果效应界估计方法
Alexander W Levis,Matteo Bonvini,Zhenghao Zeng et al.
Alexander W Levis et al.
When an exposure of interest is confounded by unmeasured factors, an instrumental variable (IV) can be used to identify and estimate certain causal contrasts. Identification of the marginal average treatment effect (ATE) from IVs relies on ...
Product Centred Dirichlet Processes for Bayesian Multiview Clustering [0.03%]
基于产品中心Dirichlet过程的贝叶斯多视图聚类方法
Alexander Dombowsky,David B Dunson
Alexander Dombowsky
While there is an immense literature on Bayesian methods for clustering, the multiview case has received little attention. This problem focuses on obtaining distinct but statistically dependent clusterings in a common set of entities for di...
Shu Yang,Peng Ding
Shu Yang
Rejective sampling improves design and estimation efficiency of single-phase sampling when auxiliary information in a finite population is available. When such auxiliary information is unavailable, we propose to use two-phase rejective samp...
Anav Sood,Trevor Hastie
Anav Sood
We consider the problem of selecting a small subset of representative variables from a large dataset. In the computer science literature, this dimensionality reduction problem is typically formalized as column subset selection (CSS). Meanwh...
Causal mediation analysis: selection with asymptotically valid inference [0.03%]
有合理推断的因果中介分析：选择与渐近有效推理
Jeremiah Jones,Ashkan Ertefaie,Robert L Strawderman
Jeremiah Jones
Researchers are often interested in learning not only the effect of treatments on outcomes, but also the mechanisms that transmit these effects. A mediator is a variable that is affected by treatment and subsequently affects outcome. Existi...
Tian Gu,Yi Han,Rui Duan
Tian Gu
Transfer learning improves target model performance by leveraging data from related source populations, especially when target data are scarce. This study addresses the challenge of training high-dimensional regression models with limited t...
Denis Agniel,Layla Parast
Denis Agniel
The development of statistical methods to evaluate surrogate markers is an active area of research. In many clinical settings, the surrogate marker is not simply a single measurement but is instead a longitudinal trajectory of measurements ...