Repeat expansion and autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders: consensus and controversy [0.03%]
重复扩张与常染色体显性神经系统变性疾病：共识和争议
Dobrila D Rudnicki,Russell L Margolis
Dobrila D Rudnicki
Repeat-expansion mutations cause 13 autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders falling into three groups. Huntington's disease (HD), dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinocereb...
David C Rubinsztein,Jenny Carmichael
David C Rubinsztein
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HD gene. The expanded repeats are translated into an abnormally long polyglutamine tract close to the N-term...
Marc A Lafleur,Madeleine M Handsley,Dylan R Edwards
Marc A Lafleur
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature, is an integral part of physiological processes such as embryonic development, the female reproductive cycle and wound healing. Angiogenesis is also central ...
Karen Francis,Johan van Beek,Cecile Canova et al.
Karen Francis et al.
The complement inflammatory cascade is an essential component of the phylogenetically ancient innate immune response and is crucial to our natural ability to ward off infection. Complement is involved in host defence by triggering the gener...
Jian-Hua Luo,Yan Ping Yu
Jian-Hua Luo
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the USA. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in the identification and understanding of the genetic factors related to prostate cancer development. Un...
Stephanie C Pero,Roger J Daly,David N Krag
Stephanie C Pero
Traditional anti-cancer drugs preferentially kill rapidly growing tumour cells rather than normal cells. However, most of these drugs have no preferential selection towards cancer cells and are taken up by the whole body, resulting in signi...
Bellur Seetharam,Raghunatha R Yammani
Bellur Seetharam
The primary function of cobalamin (Cbl; vitamin B12) is the formation of red blood cells and the maintenance of a healthy nervous system. Before cells can utilise dietary Cbl, the vitamin must undergo cellular transport using two distinct r...
Toll-like receptors and intestinal defence: molecular basis and therapeutic implications [0.03%]
toll样受体和肠防御：分子基础及治疗意义
Elke Cario
Elke Cario
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a principle role in distinct pathogen recognition and in the initiation of innate immune responses of the intestinal mucosa. Activated innate immunity interconnects downstream with adaptive immunity in comple...
Susan B Kesmodel,Francis R Spitz
Susan B Kesmodel
Gene therapy has been applied to the treatment of cancer and metastatic disease for over ten years. Research in this area has utilised multiple gene therapy approaches including targeting tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes, stimulating t...
Short-term and long-term cellular and molecular events following UV irradiation of skin: implications for molecular medicine [0.03%]
皮肤紫外线照射后的短期和长期细胞及分子事件：对分子医学的意义
Yasuhiro Matsumura,Honnavara N Ananthaswamy
Yasuhiro Matsumura
Acute ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of normal human skin results in several clinical effects, including sunburn inflammation (erythema) and tanning, histological changes such as thickening of the epidermis, and local or systemic immunosuppre...