Paul E Griffiths,Karola Stotz
Paul E Griffiths
We outline three very different concepts of the gene-instrumental, nominal, and postgenomic. The instrumental gene has a critical role in the construction and interpretation of experiments in which the relationship between genotype and phen...
Towards a Confucian virtue bioethics: reframing Chinese medical ethics in a market economy [0.03%]
儒家美德生物伦理学：在市场经济下重塑中国医学道德
Ruiping Fan
Ruiping Fan
This essay addresses a moral and cultural challenge facing health care in the People's Republic of China: the need to create an understanding of medical professionalism that recognizes the new economic realities of China and that can mainta...
Daniel P Sulmasy
Daniel P Sulmasy
Teaching old dogs new tricks: the role of analogies in bioethical analysis and argumentation concerning new technologies [0.03%]
教旧狗学新把戏：类比在生物伦理分析和论辩中的作用——有关新技术的案例分析
Bjørn Hofmann,Jan Helge Solbakk,Søren Holm
Bjørn Hofmann
New medical technologies provide us with new possibilities in health care and health care research. Depending on their degree of novelty, they may as well present us with a whole range of unforeseen normative challenges. Partly, this is due...
Does an appeal to the common good justify individual sacrifices for genomic research? [0.03%]
公益能否证明个人牺牲参与基因组研究是正当的？
Rogeer Hoedemaekers,Bert Gordijn,Martien Pijnenburg
Rogeer Hoedemaekers
In genomic research the ideal standard of free, informed, prior, and explicit consent is believed to restrict important research studies. For certain types of genomic research other forms of consent are therefore proposed which are ethicall...
Carson Strong
Carson Strong
The President's Council on Bioethics has addressed the moral status of human preembryos in its reports on stem cell research and human therapeutic cloning. Although the Council has been criticized for being hand-picked to favor the right-to...
Evelyn B Pluhar
Evelyn B Pluhar
In this article, I argue that it is wrong to conduct any experiment on a nonhuman which we would regard as immoral were it to be conducted on a human, because such experimentation violates the basic moral rights of sentient beings. After di...
The regulation of animal research and the emergence of animal ethics: a conceptual history [0.03%]
动物实验的监管与动物伦理的兴起：概念史研究
Bernard E Rollin
Bernard E Rollin
The history of the regulation of animal research is essentially the history of the emergence of meaningful social ethics for animals in society. Initially, animal ethics concerned itself solely with cruelty, but this was seen as inadequate ...
Human and animal subjects of research: the moral significance of respect versus welfare [0.03%]
研究中的伦理意义：尊重与福利的区别及其对人和动物实验对象的影响
Rebecca L Walker
Rebecca L Walker
Human beings with diminished decision-making capacities are usually thought to require greater protections from the potential harms of research than fully autonomous persons. Animal subjects of research receive lesser protections than any h...
William E Stempsey
William E Stempsey
Using ideas gleaned from the philosophy of technology of Martin Heidegger and Hans Jonas and the philosophy of health of Georges Canguilhem, I argue that one of the characteristics of emerging medical technologies is that these technologies...