John Dupré,Maureen A O&#x;Malley
John Dupré
Metagenomics is an emerging microbial systems science that is based on the large-scale analysis of the DNA of microbial communities in their natural environments. Studies of metagenomes are revealing the vast scope of biodiversity in a wide...
From quorum to cooperation: lessons from bacterial sociality for evolutionary theory [0.03%]
从法定人数到合作：细菌社会性对进化理论的启示
Pamela Lyon
Pamela Lyon
The study of cooperation and altruism, almost since its inception, has been carried out without reference to the most numerous, diverse and very possibly most cooperative domain of life on the planet: bacteria. This is starting to change, f...
Bacteria are small but not stupid: cognition, natural genetic engineering and socio-bacteriology [0.03%]
细菌虽小却非愚钝：感知、自然基因工程及社会细菌学
J A Shapiro
J A Shapiro
Forty years' experience as a bacterial geneticist has taught me that bacteria possess many cognitive, computational and evolutionary capabilities unimaginable in the first six decades of the twentieth century. Analysis of cellular processes...
Hybrids, pure cultures, and pure lines: from nineteenth-century biology to twentieth-century genetics [0.03%]
杂种、纯培养物和纯品系：从19世纪的生物学至20世纪的遗传学
Staffan Müller-Wille
Staffan Müller-Wille
Prompted by recent recognitions of the omnipresence of horizontal gene transfer among microbial species and the associated emphasis on exchange, rather than isolation, as the driving force of evolution, this essay will reflect on hybridizat...
J Sapp
J Sapp
The study of microbial phylogeny and evolution has emerged as an interdisciplinary synthesis, divergent in both methods and concepts from the classical evolutionary biology. The deployment of macromolecular sequencing in microbial classific...
Maureen A O&#x;Malley,John Dupré
Maureen A O&#x;Malley
Tatjana Buklijas
Tatjana Buklijas
For historians of medicine, the professor Theodor Billroth of the University of Vienna was the leading European surgeon of the late nineteenth century and the personification of intervention by organ or body part removal. For social and pol...
Psychiatric institutions, their architecture, and the politics of regional autonomy in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy [0.03%]
奥匈帝国的精神病机构、其建筑以及地区自治的政治权利
Leslie Topp
Leslie Topp
This paper examines the planning process and architecture of two public psychiatric institutions built around 1900 in Trieste and Lower Austria. From 1864, the building of new asylums was the responsibility of Crown land governments, which ...
The Magyar moustache: the faces of Hungarian state formation, 1867-1918 [0.03%]
匈牙利式大胡子：1867—1918年间的匈牙利国家形成之面相
Emese Lafferton
Emese Lafferton
This paper outlines the history of Hungarian ethnography and anthropology and their role in the construction of the nation and Hungarian liberalism in the Dualist period (1867-1918). Affected by the specific socio-political conditions of th...
'A civilizing mission'? Austrian medicine and the reform of medical structures in the Ottoman Empire, 1838-1850 [0.03%]
“文明使命”？1838—1850年奥地利医学对奥斯曼帝国医学体制的改革尝试
Marcel Chahrour
Marcel Chahrour
During the 1840s, physicians from the Habsburg Empire played a decisive role in the reform of medical structures in the Ottoman Empire. This paper discusses different aspects of this scientific and cultural encounter. It emphasizes the impo...