Adam Bostanci,Jane Calvert
Adam Bostanci
In the mid-1990s, the company Human Genome Sciences submitted three potentially revolutionary patent applications to the US Patent and Trademark Office, each of which claimed the entire genome sequence of a microorganism. The patent examine...
Making way for molecular biology: institutionalizing and managing reform of biological science in a UK university during the 1980s and 1990s [0.03%]
20世纪80年代至90年代英国某大学的生物学科改革及其对分子生物学的发展与支持
Duncan Wilson,Gaël Lancelot
Duncan Wilson
Historians agree that the second half of the twentieth century saw widespread changes in the structure of biological science in universities. This shift was, and continues to be, characterized by the de-differentiation of nineteenth and ear...
Aya Homei
Aya Homei
This paper attempts to bring new insights to a long-standing historical debate over medical specialization by analyzing the formation of medical mycology, a somewhat marginal biomedical discipline that emerged in the mid-twentieth century a...
In search of the best explanation about the nature of the gene: Avery on pneumococcal transformation [0.03%]
基因本质的最佳解释在哪里？艾弗里论肺炎球菌的转化作用
Eleonora Cresto
Eleonora Cresto
In this paper I present a model of rational belief change, and I show how to use it to obtain a better insight into the debate about the nature of pneumococcal transformation, genes and DNA that took place in the forties, as a result of Osw...
Michael Michael
Michael Michael
In this article I defend Freud's method of dream interpretation against those who criticize it as involving a fallacy-namely, the reverse causal fallacy-and those who criticize it as permitting many interpretations, indeed any that the inte...
Darwin and the linguists: the coevolution of mind and language, part 2. The language-thought relationship [0.03%]
达尔文与语言学家——心智和语言的共进化（二）：语言与思维的关系
Stephen G Alter
Stephen G Alter
This paper examines Charles Darwin's idea that language-use and humanity's unique cognitive abilities reinforced each other's evolutionary emergence-an idea Darwin sketched in his early notebooks, set forth in his Descent of man (1871), and...
Peter McLaughlin
Peter McLaughlin
This paper analyzes the remarkable popularity of William Paley's argument from design among contemporary naturalists in biology and the philosophy of science. In philosophy of science Elliott Sober has argued that creationism should be excl...
Causal (mis)understanding and the search for scientific explanations: a case study from the history of medicine [0.03%]
因果误解与科学解释的寻求：医学史的一个案例研究
Leen De Vreese
Leen De Vreese
In 1747, James Lind carried out an experiment which proved the usefulness of citrus fruit as a cure for scurvy. Nonetheless, he rejected the earlier hypothesis of Bachstrom that the absence of fresh fruit and vegetables was the only cause o...
'An adept in medicine': the Reverend Dr William Laing, nervous complaints and the commodification of spa water [0.03%]
“擅长医道”的威廉·莱恩牧师博士与神经官能症、温泉疗法商业化及相关水媒疾病的斗争
M D Eddy
M D Eddy
This essay addresses mineral water as a medical, experimental and economic material. It focuses on the career of the Reverend Dr William Laing (1742-1812), a physician and cleric who wrote two pamphlets about the water of provincial spa loc...
Epistemological issues in the study of microbial life: alternative terran biospheres? [0.03%]
地球微生物研究中的认识论问题：另类的地表生物圈？
Carol E Cleland
Carol E Cleland
The assumption that all life on Earth today shares the same basic molecular architecture and biochemistry is part of the paradigm of modern biology. This paper argues that there is little theoretical or empirical support for this widely hel...