Michael Ruse
Michael Ruse
There are two main senses of 'mechanism', both deriving from the metaphor of nature as a machine. One sense refers to contrivance or design, as in 'the plant's mechanism of attracting butterflies'. The other sense refers to cause or law pro...
Mechanism, vitalism and organicism in late nineteenth and twentieth-century biology: the importance of historical context [0.03%]
十九至二十世纪生物学中的机制论、唯生论和有机整体论——历史语境的重要性
Garland E Allen
Garland E Allen
The term 'mechanism' has been used in two quite different ways in the history of biology. Operative, or explanatory mechanism refers to the step-by-step description or explanation of how components in a system interact to yield a particular...
Mechanisms of life in the seventeenth century: Borelli, Perrault, Régis [0.03%]
十七世纪的生命机制：Borelli、Perrault和Régis
Dennis Des Chene
Dennis Des Chene
In Descartes's reformulation of natural philosophy, two aspects of what came to be known as the mechanical philosophy were intimately joined: mechanism as an ontology of nature, according to which all natural things had only 'mechanical' pr...
Carl F Craver,Lindley Darden
Carl F Craver
Ben Jeffares
Ben Jeffares
The historical sciences, such as geology, evolutionary biology, and archaeology, appear to have no means to test hypotheses. However, on closer examination, reasoning in the historical sciences relies upon regularities, regularities that ca...
Edna Suárez-Díaz,Victor H Anaya-Muñoz
Edna Suárez-Díaz
Despite the promises made by molecular evolutionists since the early 1960s that phylogenies would be readily reconstructed using molecular data, the construction of molecular phylogenies has both retained many methodological problems of the...
Snait B Gissis
Snait B Gissis
There has been a widely perceived sense of a contemporary resurgence of the category of race in western genetics, epidemiology and medicine. In what follows, some important American and British journals in these fields are surveyed for thei...
Cheryl Lans
Cheryl Lans
The discourses of Antillanité and Créolité are both based on the absence of women. This is more important in the discourse of Créolité since it silences the grandmothers, great aunts and village midwives who are the transmitters of fol...
Mining data, gathering variables and recombining information: the flexible architecture of epidemiological studies [0.03%]
数据挖掘、变量汇集与信息重组：流行病学研究的灵活架构
Susanne Bauer
Susanne Bauer
Since the second half of the twentieth century, biomedical research has made increasing use of epidemiological methods to establish empirical evidence on a population level. This paper is about practices with data in epidemiological researc...
Species concepts should not conflict with evolutionary history, but often do [0.03%]
物种概念应当与进化史相一致，但实际情况往往并非如此
Joel D Velasco
Joel D Velasco
Many phylogenetic systematists have criticized the Biological Species Concept (BSC) because it distorts evolutionary history. While defences against this particular criticism have been attempted, I argue that these responses are unsuccessfu...