James Moore
James Moore
In discussions of 'religion-and-science', faith is usually emphasized more than works, scientists' beliefs more than their deeds. By reversing the priority, a lingering puzzle in the life of Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890-1962), statistician, e...
Method and metaphysics in Clements's and Gleason's ecological explanations [0.03%]
Clements和Gleason生态解释的方法论与形而上学
Christopher Eliot
Christopher Eliot
To generate explanatory theory, ecologists must wrestle with how to represent the extremely many, diverse causes behind phenomena in their domain. Early twentieth-century plant ecologists Frederic E. Clements and Henry A. Gleason provide a ...
100 years of psychology of concepts: the theoretical notion of concept and its operationalization [0.03%]
百年概念心理学：理论与操作化研究
Edouard Machery
Edouard Machery
The operationalization of scientific notions is instrumental in enabling experimental evidence to bear on scientific propositions. Conceptual change should thus translate into operationalization change. This article describes some important...
'Hypotheses, everywhere only hypotheses!': on some contexts of Dilthey's critique of explanatory psychology [0.03%]
假设无处不在！论狄尔泰对解释心理学批判的若干语境
Uljana Feest
Uljana Feest
In 1894, Wilhelm Dilthey published an article in which he formulated a critique of what he called 'explanatory psychology', contrasting it with his own conception of 'descriptive psychology'. Dilthey's descriptive psychology, in turn, was t...
Was there a Bacteriological Revolution in late nineteenth-century medicine? [0.03%]
十九世纪后期医学界发生了细菌革命吗？
Michael Worboys
Michael Worboys
That there was a 'Bacteriological Revolution' in medicine in the late nineteenth-century, associated with the development of germ theories of disease, is widely assumed by historians; however, the notion has not been defined, discussed or d...
Under the influence of Malthus's law of population growth: Darwin eschews the statistical techniques of Aldolphe Quetelet [0.03%]
在马尔萨斯人口增长理论的影响下：达尔文摒弃了阿道夫·凯特勒的统计方法
André Ariew
André Ariew
Charles Darwin, James Clerk Maxwell, and Francis Galton were all aware, by various means, of Aldolphe Quetelet's pioneering work in statistics. Darwin, Maxwell, and Galton all had reason to be interested in Quetelet's work: they were all wo...
D M Walsh
D M Walsh
Kant's conception of organisms as natural purposes raises a challenge to the adequacy of mechanistic explanation in biology. Certain features of organisms appear to be inexplicable by appeal to mechanical law alone. Some biological phenomen...
Teleology then and now: the question of Kant's relevance for contemporary controversies over function in biology [0.03%]
当时的目的论与现在的目的论：康德的理论对当代生物学功能问题之争的意义如何？
John Zammito
John Zammito
'Naturalism' is the aspiration of contemporary philosophy of biology, and Kant simply cannot be refashioned into a naturalist. Instead, epistemological 'deflation' was the decisive feature of Kant's treatment of the 'biomedical' science in ...
Marcel Quarfood
Marcel Quarfood
According to Kant's Critique of the power of judgment, teleological considerations are unavoidable for conceptualizing organisms. Does this mean that teleology is more than merely heuristic? Kant stresses the regulative status of teleologic...
Joan Steigerwald
Joan Steigerwald
This paper examines how in the 'Critique of teleological judgment' Kant characterized the concept of natural purpose in relation to and in distinction from the concepts of nature and the concept of purpose he had developed in his other crit...