The history of three scientific societies: the Society for the Study of Fertility (now the Society for Reproduction and Fertility) (Britain), the Société Française pour l'Etude de la Fertilité, and the Society for the Study of Reproduction (USA) [0.03%]
三科学学会的历史：生育研究协会（现为生殖与生育协会）(英国)，法国生育研究会，和美国生殖研究会
John Clarke
John Clarke
Three scientific societies devoted to the study of reproduction were established in Britain, France and USA in the middle of the twentieth century by clinical, veterinary and agricultural scientists. The principal motivation for their estab...
Reflections on the reproductive sciences in agriculture in the UK and US, ca. 1900-2000+ [0.03%]
英国和美国近百年来(约1900-2000年)农业生殖科学的回顾与思考
Adele E Clarke
Adele E Clarke
This paper provides a brief comparative overview of the development of the reproductive sciences especially in agriculture in the UK and the US. It begins with the establishment by F. H. A. Marshall in 1910 of the boundaries that framed the...
Christopher H Pearson
Christopher H Pearson
The paper addresses the question of whether heritability can be useful in establishing genetics as an explanation for an individual's display of some trait or behavior. After reviewing the fundamental philosophical challenge to heritability...
In defense of species [0.03%]
论物种的保护价值
Joseph LaPorte
Joseph LaPorte
In this paper, I address the charge that the category species should be abandoned in biological work. The widespread appeal to species in scientific discourse provides a presumption in favor of the category's usefulness, but a defeasible pr...
Ohad Nachtomy,Ayelet Shavit,Zohar Yakhini
Ohad Nachtomy
While the definition of the 'genotype' has undergone dramatic changes in the transition from classical to molecular genetics, the definition of the 'phenotype' has remained for a long time within the classical framework. In addition, while ...
The search for the hematopoietic stem cell: social interaction and epistemic success in immunology [0.03%]
追寻造血干细胞的社会互动与认知成功免疫学中的社会互动与认识论成就
Melinda B Fagan
Melinda B Fagan
Epistemology of science is currently polarized. Descriptive accounts of the social aspects of science coexist uneasily with normative accounts of scientific knowledge. This tension leads students of science to privilege one of these importa...
Hormones for life? Behind the rise and fall of a hormone remedy (Gonadex) against sterility in the Swedish welfare state [0.03%]
激素治疗一生吗？瑞典福利国家中一种不孕激素疗法（戈纳德克斯）的兴衰历程
Christer Nordlund
Christer Nordlund
In 1948 the pharmaceutical company Leo launched a placental hormonal preparation, called Gonadex, in Sweden. During a press conference, and in commercials and newspapers, it was said that Gonadex could cure sterility as well as many other p...
Adaptation or selection? Old issues and new stakes in the postwar debates over bacterial drug resistance [0.03%]
适者生存还是人工选择？战后细菌药物抗性问题旧议题与新局势
Angela N H Creager
Angela N H Creager
The 1940s and 1950s were marked by intense debates over the origin of drug resistance in microbes. Bacteriologists had traditionally invoked the notions of 'training' and 'adaptation' to account for the ability of microbes to acquire new tr...
The reading of scientific texts: questions on interpretation and evaluation, with special reference to the scientific writings of Ludwik Fleck [0.03%]
科学文本的阅读：关于解释和评价的问题——特别参考LudwikFleck的科学著作
Eva Hedfors
Eva Hedfors
Ludwik Fleck is remembered for his monograph published in German in 1935. Reissued in 1979 as Genesis and development of a scientific fact Fleck's monograph has been claimed to expound relativistic views of science. Fleck has also been port...