Internest food sharing within wood ant colonies: resource redistribution behavior in a complex system [0.03%]
复杂系统中的资源再分配行为：木蚁群落内的食物共享
Samuel Ellis,Elva J H Robinson
Samuel Ellis
Resource sharing is an important cooperative behavior in many animals. Sharing resources is particularly important in social insect societies, as division of labor often results in most individuals including, importantly, the reproductives,...
"Parasite-induced aposematism" protects entomopathogenic nematode parasites against invertebrate enemies [0.03%]
“寄生虫诱导的警戒色”保护昆虫病原线虫寄生虫免受无脊椎动物天敌的危害
Rebecca S Jones,Andy Fenton,Michael P Speed
Rebecca S Jones
Aposematism is a well-known strategy in which prey defend themselves from predation by pairing defenses such as toxins, with warning signals that are often visually conspicuous color patterns. Here, we examine the possibility that aposemati...
An experimental conflict of interest between parasites reveals the mechanism of host manipulation [0.03%]
寄生虫之间的实验利益冲突揭示了宿主操纵的机制
Nina Hafer,Manfred Milinski
Nina Hafer
Parasites can increase their host's predation susceptibility. It is a long-standing puzzle, whether this is caused by host manipulation, an evolved strategy of the parasite, or by side effects due to, for example, the parasite consuming ene...
A lover or a fighter? Opposing sexual selection pressures on men's vocal pitch and facial hair [0.03%]
情种还是战士？针对男性声调和胡须的性选择压力之间的对立关系
Tamsin K Saxton,Lauren L Mackey,Kristofor McCarty et al.
Tamsin K Saxton et al.
The traditional assumption within the research literature on human sexually dimorphic traits has been that many sex differences have arisen from intersexual selection. More recently, however, there has been a shift toward the idea that many...
Temperature can shape a cline in polyandry, but only genetic variation can sustain it over time [0.03%]
温度可以塑造多配偶制的生态梯度，但基因变异才能维持其长期发展
Michelle L Taylor,Tom A R Price,Alison Skeats et al.
Michelle L Taylor et al.
Multiple mating by females (polyandry) is a widespread behavior occurring in diverse taxa, species, and populations. Polyandry can also vary widely within species, and individual populations, so that both monandrous and polyandrous females ...
Effect of competitive cues on reproductive morphology and behavioral plasticity in male fruitflies [0.03%]
竞争信号对雄性果蝇生殖器形态和行为可塑性的影响
Amanda Bretman,Claudia Fricke,James D Westmancoat et al.
Amanda Bretman et al.
Phenotypic plasticity will be favored whenever there are significant fitness benefits of responding to environmental variation. The extent and nature of the plasticity that evolves depends on the rate of environmental fluctuations and the c...
Social pairing of Seychelles warblers under reduced constraints: MHC, neutral heterozygosity, and age [0.03%]
莫桑比克警官：约束减少条件下的社会配对：MHC、中性杂合度和年龄
David J Wright,Lyanne Brouwer,Maria-Elena Mannarelli et al.
David J Wright et al.
The prevalence and significance of precopulatory mate choice remains keenly debated. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a key role in vertebrate adaptive immunity, and variation at the MHC influences individual survival. Altho...
Short-term and delayed effects of mother death on calf mortality in Asian elephants [0.03%]
亚洲象母体死亡对幼象短期和延迟影响的量化研究
Mirkka Lahdenperä,Khyne U Mar,Virpi Lummaa
Mirkka Lahdenperä
Long-lived, highly social species with prolonged offspring dependency can show long postreproductive periods. The Mother hypothesis proposes that a need for extended maternal care of offspring together with increased maternal mortality risk...
Adjustment of costly extra-group paternity according to inbreeding risk in a cooperative mammal [0.03%]
合作型哺乳动物中根据近交风险对昂贵的异群父系的调节
Hazel J Nichols,Michael A Cant,Jennifer L Sanderson
Hazel J Nichols
Females of many animal species seek mating opportunities with multiple males, despite being able to obtain sufficient sperm to father their offspring from a single male. In animals that live in stable social groups, females often choose to ...
Emily R Burdfield-Steel,Sam Auty,David M Shuker
Emily R Burdfield-Steel
There have been many potential explanations put forward as to why polyandry often persists despite the multiple costs it can inflict on females. One such explanation is avoidance of costs associated with mating with genetically incompatible...