Motor and psycho-cognitive clinical types in adult metachromatic leukodystrophy: genotype/phenotype relationships? [0.03%]
成人代谢性脑白质营养不良的运动和心理认知临床类型：基因型/表型关系？
Nicole Baumann,Jean-Claude Turpin,Mireille Lefevre et al.
Nicole Baumann et al.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a recessive autosomal disease which is biochemically characterized by an accumulation of sulfatides (sulfogalactosylceramides) mainly in oligodendrocytes and macrophages/microglia. The deficient enzyme ...
Brain plasticity and microglia: is transsynaptic glial activation in the thalamus after limb denervation linked to cortical plasticity and central sensitisation? [0.03%]
脑可塑性和小胶质细胞：断肢失神经后丘脑突触性胶质活化与皮层可塑性和中枢敏化相关吗？
Richard B Banati
Richard B Banati
Microglia are a subset of tissue-macrophages that are ubiquitously distributed throughout the entire CNS. In health, they remain largely dormant until activated by a pathological stimulus. The availability of more sensitive detection techni...
Marcos Tsacopoulos
Marcos Tsacopoulos
There is convincing evidence that astrocytes transform blood-born glucose to lactate, alpha-Keto-glutarate and alanine and supply the neurons. There is a tight regulation of this metabolic coupling by means of chemical signals released by f...
Feeding active neurons: (re)emergence of a nursing role for astrocytes [0.03%]
养护活化神经元：星形胶质细胞护理作用的(再)兴起
Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore,Michel Merle,Pierre J Magistretti et al.
Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore et al.
Despite unquestionable evidence that glucose is the major energy substrate for the brain, data collected over several decades with different approaches suggest that lactate may represent a supplementary metabolic substrate for neurons. Star...
Astrocyte-synthesized oleic acid behaves as a neurotrophic factor for neurons [0.03%]
星形胶质细胞合成的油酸对神经元具有营养支持作用
José M Medina,Arantxa Tabernero
José M Medina
Unlike in the adult brain, the newborn brain specifically takes up serum albumin during the postnatal period, coinciding with the stage of maximal brain development. Here we shall summarize our knowledge about the role played by albumin in ...
Role of glia-derived cholesterol in synaptogenesis: new revelations in the synapse-glia affair [0.03%]
胶质细胞源胆固醇在突触生成中的作用：突触与胶质细胞关系的新发现
Christian Göritz,Daniela H Mauch,Karl Nägler et al.
Christian Göritz et al.
Brain development and function relies on the exchange of signals between neurons and glial cells. Here we review a series of recent studies on cultures of purified retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that point to a new role of glial cells in the...
The Astrocentric Hypothesis: proposed role of astrocytes in consciousness and memory formation [0.03%]
astrocentric假说：星形胶质细胞在意识和记忆形成中的作用机制之管见
James M Robertson
James M Robertson
Consciousness is self-awareness. This process is closely associated with attention and working memory, a special form of short-term memory, which is vital when solving explicit task. Edelman has equated consciousness as the "remembered pres...
Heather S Duffy,Mario Delmar,David C Spray
Heather S Duffy
Gap junctions are the morphological correlates of direct cell-cell communication and are formed of hexameric assemblies of gap junction proteins (connexins) into hemichannels (or connexons) provided by each coupled cell. Gap junction channe...
Axon-glia interactions modulate axonal excitability in mammalian unmyelinated nerves [0.03%]
哺乳动物未髓鞘化神经中的轴突-胶质相互作用调节轴突兴奋性
Petr Jirounek,Christine Bretton,Carine Dalle
Petr Jirounek
A period of electrical activity in unmyelinated nerve fibers is followed by a post-tetanic hyperpolarization (PTH), generated by the hyperactivity of the electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump. In order to protect the membrane potential against these...
Modulation of synaptic transmission by astrocytes in the rat supraoptic nucleus [0.03%]
星形胶质细胞对室旁核突触传递的调节作用
Richard Piet,Dominique A Poulain,Stéphane H R Oliet
Richard Piet
One of the functions of astroglial cells in the central nervous system is to clear synaptically-released glutamate from the extracellular space. This is performed thanks to specific transporters of the excitatory amino acid expressed on the...