The importance of scale for spatial-confounding bias and precision of spatial regression estimators [0.03%]
空间尺度对于空间混杂偏倚及空间回归估计量精度的重要性
Christopher J Paciorek
Christopher J Paciorek
Residuals in regression models are often spatially correlated. Prominent examples include studies in environmental epidemiology to understand the chronic health effects of pollutants. I consider the effects of residual spatial structure on ...
Bayesian Models and Decision Algorithms for Complex Early Phase Clinical Trials [0.03%]
复杂早期临床试验的贝叶斯模型和决策算法
Peter F Thall
Peter F Thall
An early phase clinical trial is the first step in evaluating the effects in humans of a potential new anti-disease agent or combination of agents. Usually called "phase I" or "phase I/II" trials, these experiments typically have the nomina...
Bradley Efron
Bradley Efron
Familiar statistical tests and estimates are obtained by the direct observation of cases of interest: a clinical trial of a new drug, for instance, will compare the drug's effects on a relevant set of patients and controls. Sometimes, thoug...
Stochastic Approximation and Modern Model-based Designs for Dose-Finding Clinical Trials [0.03%]
临床试验中的剂量寻找与基于模型的设计的随机逼近方法
Ying Kuen Cheung
Ying Kuen Cheung
In 1951 Robbins and Monro published the seminal paper on stochastic approximation and made a specific reference to its application to the "estimation of a quantal using response, non-response data". Since the 1990s, statistical methodology ...
Elizabeth A Stuart
Elizabeth A Stuart
When estimating causal effects using observational data, it is desirable to replicate a randomized experiment as closely as possible by obtaining treated and control groups with similar covariate distributions. This goal can often be achiev...
Kathryn Roeder,Larry Wasserman
Kathryn Roeder
Genetic investigations often involve the testing of vast numbers of related hypotheses simultaneously. To control the overall error rate, a substantial penalty is required, making it difficult to detect signals of moderate strength. To impr...
Structures and Assumptions: Strategies to Harness Gene × Gene and Gene × Environment Interactions in GWAS [0.03%]
结构与假设：在基因组范围关联分析中利用基因-基因和基因-环境交互作用的策略
Charles Kooperberg,Michael Leblanc,James Y Dai et al.
Charles Kooperberg et al.
Genome-wide association studies, in which as many as a million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are measured on several thousand samples, are quickly becoming a common type of study for identifying genetic factors associated with many ...
Duncan C Thomas,Graham Casey,David V Conti et al.
Duncan C Thomas et al.
Because of the high cost of commercial genotyping chip technologies, many investigations have used a two-stage design for genome-wide association studies, using part of the sample for an initial discovery of "promising" SNPs at a less strin...
Analysis of Case-Control Association Studies: SNPs, Imputation and Haplotypes [0.03%]
基于案例对照的关联研究分析：用于SNP、基因型填充和单体型数据的方法研究
Nilanjan Chatterjee,Yi-Hau Chen,Sheng Luo et al.
Nilanjan Chatterjee et al.
Although prospective logistic regression is the standard method of analysis for case-control data, it has been recently noted that in genetic epidemiologic studies one can use the "retrospective" likelihood to gain major power by incorporat...
Peter Kraft,Eleftheria Zeggini,John P A Ioannidis
Peter Kraft
Replication helps ensure that a genotype-phenotype association observed in a genome-wide association (GWA) study represents a credible association and is not a chance finding or an artifact due to uncontrolled biases. We discuss prerequisit...