How The Timing of Grade Retention Affects Outcomes: Identification and Estimation of Time-Varying Treatment Effects [0.03%]
留级时间的确定及其对结果的影响：时间变化治疗效应的识别与估计
Jane Cooley Fruehwirth,Salvador Navarro,Yuya Takahashi
Jane Cooley Fruehwirth
In many countries, grade retention is viewed as a useful tool for helping students who fall behind in their achievement. We show how the effect of grade retention varies by abilities, by timing of retention and as time since retention elaps...
Unhappy Cities [0.03%]
不快乐的城市
Edward L Glaeser,Joshua D Gottlieb,Oren Ziv
Edward L Glaeser
There are persistent differences in self-reported subjective well-being across US metropolitan areas, and residents of declining cities appear less happy than others. Yet some people continue to move to these areas, and newer residents appe...
Recruitment of Foreigners in the Market for Computer Scientists in the United States [0.03%]
美国计算机科学家市场外国人才招聘研究
John Bound,Breno Braga,Joseph M Golden et al.
John Bound et al.
We present and calibrate a dynamic model that characterizes the labor market for computer scientists. In our model, firms can recruit computer scientists from recently graduated college students, from STEM workers working in other occupatio...
Decomposing Trends in Inequality in Earnings into Forecastable and Uncertain Components [0.03%]
将收入不平等趋势分解为可预测和不确定的成分
Flavio Cunha,James Heckman
Flavio Cunha
A substantial empirical literature documents the rise in wage inequality in the American economy. It is silent on whether the increase in inequality is due to components of earnings that are predictable by agents or whether it is due to gre...
Dan A Black,Natalia Kolesnikova,Seth G Sanders et al.
Dan A Black et al.
A standard object of empirical analysis in labor economics is a modified Mincer wage function in which an individual's log wage is specified to be a function of education, experience, and an indicator variable identifying race. We analyze t...
Taking the Easy Way Out: How the GED Testing Program Induces Students to Drop Out [0.03%]
_dropout经济学：美国成人学历证的诱导效应
James J Heckman,John Eric Humphries,Paul A Lafontaine et al.
James J Heckman et al.
The option to obtain a General Education Development (GED) certificate changes the incentives facing high school students. This paper evaluates the effect of three different GED policy innovations on high school graduation rates. A six poin...
Intermarriage and the Intergenerational Transmission of Ethnic Identity and Human Capital for Mexican Americans [0.03%]
通婚与墨西哥美籍居民的族裔认同感及人力资本的代际传递
Brian Duncan,Stephen J Trejo
Brian Duncan
We investigate whether selective intermarriage and endogenous ethnic identification interact to hide some of the intergenerational progress achieved by the Mexican-origin population in the United States. In part, we do this by comparing an ...
Measurement error in the Current Population Survey: a nonparametric look [0.03%]
当前人口调查中的测量误差：一种非参数方法查看错误的影响
C R Bollinger
C R Bollinger
"This article utilizes an exact match file between the 1978 March [U.S.] Current Population Survey and administrative records from the Social Security Administration to analyze errors in the reporting of annual income using nonparametric me...
Birth order, family size, and achievement: family structure and wage determination [0.03%]
出生顺序、家庭规模与成就：家庭结构与工资决定
D Kessler
D Kessler
The influence of birth order and childhood family size on future achievement is discussed. Two major empirical findings are presented by the author. "First, neither birth order nor childhood family size significantly influences the level or...
D C Stapleton,D J Young
D C Stapleton
"We argue that the postwar baby boom [in the United States] caused substantial fluctuations in both the economic rewards to education and educational attainment over the last 3 decades. If substitutability between young and old workers dimi...