Ursula Klein
Ursula Klein
Eighteenth-century chemists defined chemistry as both a "science and an art." By "chemical art" they meant not merely experimentation but also parts of certain arts and crafts. This raises the question of how to identify the "chemical parts...
Pierre-Joseph Macquer: Chemistry in the French Enlightenment [0.03%]
Pierre-Joseph Macquer：启蒙时代的法国化学
Christine Lehman
Christine Lehman
Despite recent studies of chemistry courses and of academic research at the beginning of the eighteenth century, the perception of chemistry in the French Enlightenment has often been overshadowed by Lavoisier's works. This article proposes...
Elements in the Melting Pot: Merging Chemistry, Assaying, and Natural History, Ca. 1730-60 [0.03%]
熔炉中的元素：化学、试金术和自然史的融合（约1730—1760）
Hjalmar Fors
Hjalmar Fors
This essay examines how the modern concept of the chemical element emerged during the eighteenth century. It traces this concept to a group of assayers, mineralogists, and chemists active at the Swedish Bureau of Mines (Bergskollegium). Dri...
An Empire's Extract: Chemical Manipulations of Cinchona Bark in the Eighteenth-Century Spanish Atlantic World [0.03%]
帝国的萃取：十八世纪西班牙大西洋世界的奎宁树皮化学实验
Matthew James Crawford
Matthew James Crawford
In 1790, the Spanish Crown sent a "botanist-chemist" to South America to implement production of a chemical extract made from cinchona bark, a botanical medicament from the Andes used throughout the Atlantic World to treat malarial fevers. ...
Between the Workshop and the Laboratory: Lavoisier's Network of Instrument Makers [0.03%]
介于车间与实验室之间：拉瓦锡的仪器制作者网络
Marco Beretta
Marco Beretta
Throughout his career, Lavoisier paid particular attention to the apparatuses he intended to use in his experimental pursuits. Lavoisier engaged many instrument makers in Paris, the French provinces, and abroad, and he made several efforts,...
Matthew Daniel Eddy
Matthew Daniel Eddy
In 1766, Thomas Cochrane entered the Edinburgh classroom of Joseph Black (1728-99) to learn chemistry for the first time. Cochrane was studying medicine, and, like so many of Black's students, he dutifully recorded several diagrams in his n...
Measuring Fire: Herman Boerhaave and the Introduction of Thermometry into Chemistry [0.03%]
赫曼·波义耳豪夫与热学引入化学研究
John C Powers
John C Powers
This essay examines Herman Boerhaave's work with the instrument maker, Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, on integrating the thermometer into the practice of eighteenth-century chemistry. Boerhaave utilized the thermometer to generate empirical evi...
Communications of Chemical Knowledge: Georg Ernst Stahl and the Chemists at the French Academy of Sciences in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century [0.03%]
化学知识的交流：乔治·恩斯特·斯塔尔与18世纪前半期法国科学院的化学家们
Ku-ming Chang
Ku-ming Chang
Histories of eighteenth-century chemistry often assert that the works of the German chemist Georg Ernst Stahl (1659-1734), especially his ideas about phlogiston, were largely unknown to French chemists until the 1740s. A careful analysis of...
Etienne-François Geoffroy (1672-1731), a Chemist on the Frontiers [0.03%]
埃蒂安-弗朗索瓦·热夫鲁瓦（1672-1731），一位走在化学前沿的化学家
Bernard Joly
Bernard Joly
Etienne-François Geoffroy is certainly the most representative chemist of the Paris Académie Royale des Sciences in the early eighteenth century. Interested in Newtonian ideas, he did not reject Cartesian mechanism. He is the inventor of ...
The End of Alchemy? The Repudiation and Persistence of Chrysopoeia at the Académie Royale des Sciences in the Eighteenth Century [0.03%]
皇家科学院对点金石技艺的否定与接纳——十八世纪alchemy化学化考据
Lawrence M Principe
Lawrence M Principe
The general abandonment of serious endeavor toward metallic transmutation represents a major development in the history of chemistry, yet its exact causes and timing remain unclear. This essay examines the fate of chrysopoeia at the eightee...