Differences in exploration behaviour in common ravens and carrion crows during development and across social context [0.03%]
在个体发育过程中及不同社会环境下冠鸦和渡鸡探索行为的差异性研究
Rachael Miller,Thomas Bugnyar,Kerstin Pölzl et al.
Rachael Miller et al.
Exploration is particularly important for young animals, as it enables them to learn to exploit their surroundings. It is likely to be affected by species ecology and social context, though there are few comparative, longitudinal studies th...
Lisa Locatello,Federica Poli,Maria B Rasotto
Lisa Locatello
Female choice is often assumed to be based on absolute preference, driven by a threshold value of mate attractiveness. However, increasing evidence suggests that females may instead perform a comparative evaluation of prospective mates, pos...
Brood-partitioning behaviour in unpredictable environments: hedging the bets? [0.03%]
不可预测环境中对赌的分区行为？
Magdalena Erich,Max Ringler,Walter Hödl et al.
Magdalena Erich et al.
Spreading reproduction across time or space can optimize fitness by minimizing the risks for offspring survival in varying and unpredictable environments. Poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are characterized by complex spatial and reproductive be...
Moving in groups: how density and unpredictable motion affect predation risk [0.03%]
群体移动：密度和不可预测的运动如何影响捕食风险
Nicholas E Scott-Samuel,Gavin Holmes,Roland Baddeley et al.
Nicholas E Scott-Samuel et al.
One of the most widely applicable benefits of aggregation is a per capita reduction in predation risk. Many factors can contribute to this but, for moving groups, an increased difficulty in tracking and targeting one individual amongst many...
Time is of the essence: an application of a relational event model for animal social networks [0.03%]
刻不容缓：动物社会网络中关系事件模型的应用研究
K P Patison,E Quintane,D L Swain et al.
K P Patison et al.
Understanding how animal social relationships are created, maintained and severed has ecological and evolutionary significance. Animal social relationships are inferred from observations of interactions between animals; the pattern of inter...
State-dependent foraging: lactating voles adjust their foraging behavior according to the presence of a potential nest predator and season [0.03%]
依状态而定的觅食行为：乳鼠会根据巢穴捕食者的存在情况以及季节的不同调整它们的觅食行为
Thilo Liesenjohann,Monique Liesenjohann,Lenka Trebaticka et al.
Thilo Liesenjohann et al.
Parental care often produces a trade-off between meeting nutritional demands of offspring and the duties of offspring protection, especially in altricial species. Parents have to leave their young unattended for foraging trips, during which...
Territorial competition and the evolutionary loss of sexual size dimorphism [0.03%]
领域竞争与性尺寸二态性的进化丧失
Ulrike Odreitz,Kristina M Sefc
Ulrike Odreitz
Non-sexual social selection can underlie the evolution of sexually monomorphic phenotypes. A causal relationship between territorial competition and sexual monomorphism predicts that male and female competitors should employ similar contest...
Individual responsiveness to shock and colony-level aggression in honey bees: evidence for a genetic component [0.03%]
单个工蜂对伤害的反应和蜜蜂群体的攻击性：遗传因素的证据
Arian Avalos,Yoselyn Rodríguez-Cruz,Tugrul Giray
Arian Avalos
The phenotype of the social group is related to phenotypes of individuals that form that society. We examined how honey bee colony aggressiveness relates to individual response of male drones and foraging workers. Although the natural focus...
Consistent individual differences in paternal behavior: a field study of threespine stickleback [0.03%]
三刺鱼父爱行为的个体差异性研究
Laura R Stein,Alison M Bell
Laura R Stein
Consistent individual differences in parenting are widespread; however, we know little about why there is variation in parenting behavior among individuals within species. One possible explanation for consistent individual differences in pa...
Dorothy L Cheney,Catherine Crockford,Anne L Engh et al.
Dorothy L Cheney et al.
Sexual selection theory predicts that males in polygynous species of mammals will invest more reproductive effort in mate competition than parental investment. A corollary to this prediction is that males will mount a stress response when t...