How to reduce the costs of ornaments without reducing their effectiveness? An example of a mechanism from carotenoid-based plumage [0.03%]
如何在不降低效果的前提下减少装饰成本？类胡萝卜素羽饰机制的一个例子
Adrian Surmacki,Anastazja Ragan,Ziemowit Kosiński et al.
Adrian Surmacki et al.
Abstract: Carotenoid-based ornaments are often considered to be honest indicators of individual quality assessed by potential mates. However, males can use a variety of strategies that minimize the amount of costly carote...
The relationship between testosterone and long-distance calling in wild male chimpanzees [0.03%]
睾酮与野生雄性黑猩长啼行为的关系研究
Pawel Fedurek,Katie E Slocombe,Drew K Enigk et al.
Pawel Fedurek et al.
Long-distance calling is a common behaviour in animals that has various important social functions. At a physiological level, calling is often mediated by gonadal hormones such as testosterone (T), particularly when its function is linked t...
Variation in pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection on male genital size in two species of lygaeid bug [0.03%]
两种步甲科昆虫交配前和交配后对雄性生殖器大小的性选择差异
Liam R Dougherty,David M Shuker
Liam R Dougherty
Abstract: Sexual selection has been shown to be the driving force behind the evolution of the sometimes extreme and elaborate genitalia of many species. Sexual selection may arise before and/or after mating, or vary accor...
Keeping eyes peeled: guppies exposed to chemical alarm cue are more responsive to ambiguous visual cues [0.03%]
保持警惕：化学警报信号暴露使孔雀鱼更易对模糊视觉线索产生反应
Jessica F Stephenson
Jessica F Stephenson
Abstract: Information received from the visual and chemical senses is qualitatively different. For prey species in aquatic environments, visual cues are spatially and temporally reliable but risky as the prey and predator...
Spatial patterns of extra-pair paternity in a waterbird colony: separating the effects of nesting density and nest site location [0.03%]
水鸟繁殖群落中偶合子的空间格局：分离种群密度和巢址位置的影响
Piotr Minias,Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas,Robert Rutkowski et al.
Piotr Minias et al.
Centres of avian colonies are usually associated with reduced predation risk and, thus, attract individuals of high quality, while poor-quality individuals are relegated to peripheral zones. Assuming that the incidence of extra-pair paterni...
The reproductive advantages of a long life: longevity and senescence in wild female African elephants [0.03%]
长寿命的生殖优势——非洲雌象野外生存中的长寿与衰老研究
Phyllis C Lee,Victoria Fishlock,C Elizabeth Webber et al.
Phyllis C Lee et al.
Long-lived species such as elephants, whales and primates exhibit extended post-fertile survival compared to species with shorter lifespans but data on age-related fecundity and survival are limited to few species or populations. We assess ...
Sex and friendship in a multilevel society: behavioural patterns and associations between female and male Guinea baboons [0.03%]
多层次社会中的性与友谊：雌雄狒狒的行为模式及相互关系
Adeelia S Goffe,Dietmar Zinner,Julia Fischer
Adeelia S Goffe
One key question in social evolution is the identification of factors that promote the formation and maintenance of stable bonds between females and males beyond the mating context. Baboons lend themselves to examine this question, as they ...
Why patterns of assortative mating are key to study sexual selection and how to measure them [0.03%]
为什么通配婚模式是研究性选择的关键以及如何测量它们
Grant C McDonald,Tommaso Pizzari
Grant C McDonald
The study of sexual selection is being revolutionised by the realisation that most populations exhibit some degree of polyandry, i.e. females mating with multiple males. Polyandry can drastically change the operation of sexual selection on ...
Geographic variation in breeding system and environment predicts melanin-based plumage ornamentation of male and female Kentish plovers [0.03%]
地理变异、繁殖系统和环境决定东方环颈鸻两性黑色素基底饰羽特征
Araceli Argüelles-Ticó,Clemens Küpper,Robert N Kelsh et al.
Araceli Argüelles-Ticó et al.
Sexual selection determines the elaboration of morphological and behavioural traits and thus drives the evolution of phenotypes. Sexual selection on males and females can differ between populations, especially when populations exhibit diffe...
Relatedness predicts multiple measures of investment in cooperative nest construction in sociable weavers [0.03%]
亲缘关系决定了合作筑巢行为的社会性织布鸟中的多个投入指标预测
Gavin M Leighton,Sebastian Echeverri,Dirk Heinrich et al.
Gavin M Leighton et al.
Although communal goods are often critical to society, they are simultaneously susceptible to exploitation and are evolutionarily stable only if mechanisms exist to curtail exploitation. Mechanisms such as punishment and kin selection have ...