Richard A Epstein
Richard A Epstein
Adverse publicity that placed undue emphasis on a possible connection between autism and the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and vaccines containing thimerosal made parents in the United Kingdom reluctant to allow their children to rece...
Could it happen here? Vaccine risk controversies and the specter of derailment [0.03%]
这也会发生在这里吗？疫苗风险争议及其带来的破坏性后果
James Colgrove,Ronald Bayer
James Colgrove
Controversy over vaccine safety has achieved high visibility over the past decade. At the same time, however, levels of coverage for routinely recommended childhood vaccines in the United States are at their highest ever. We examine this ap...
Development of priority vaccines for disease-endemic countries: risk and benefit [0.03%]
疾病流行国家优先疫苗的开发：风险和效益分析
Julie Milstien,Richard A Cash,John Wecker et al.
Julie Milstien et al.
Decisions regarding vaccine regulation and use made by institutions in industrialized countries can have an unintended impact on vaccines' availability in disease-endemic countries. However, regulatory and programmatic decision making by su...
Patricia M Danzon,Nuno Sousa Pereira,Sapna S Tejwani
Patricia M Danzon
In U.S. vaccine markets, competing producers with high fixed, sunk costs face relatively concentrated demand. This tends to lead to exit of all but one or very few producers per vaccine. Detailed evidence of exits and shortages in the flu v...
Comparative Study
Health affairs (Project Hope). 2005 May-Jun;24(3):706-17. DOI:10.1377/hlthaff.24.3.706 2005
Alan R Hinman
Alan R Hinman
An Institute of Medicine (IOM) committee recommended a dramatic change in the national approach to financing immunizations in the United States. Major features were an insurance mandate to cover immunization, federal government subsidy for ...
Henry Grabowski
Henry Grabowski
Investment in the development of new vaccines is suboptimal. Changing this situation requires a creative blend of "push" and "pull" strategies. One successful policy model is the Orphan Drug Act, whose key features include large research an...
Patricia Danzon,Nuno Sousa Pereira
Patricia Danzon
Given the structure of costs, demand, and competition, vaccine markets reach long-run equilibrium with one or very few suppliers at any point in time. Sole suppliers are less likely to exit and may have lower total social costs. Vaccine mar...
Amie Batson
Amie Batson
As in the market in North America, major barriers to private investment in the development and production of vaccines exist for markets in developing countries. These include the risks of uncertain funding and demand and the difficulties cr...
Mark V Pauly
Mark V Pauly
Payment for vaccines appears, from recent shortages, to have been inadequate. This paper addresses the roles of various stakeholders in influencing current payment and affecting possible increases. It is argued that the recent problems may ...
Tracy A Lieu,Thomas G McGuire,Alan R Hinman
Tracy A Lieu
Vaccines are among the most cost-effective interventions in health care, but economic factors may interfere with their optimal development and delivery in both industrialized and developing countries. For the United States, making the best ...