Loss of aromatase cytochrome P450 function as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease? [0.03%]
芳香酶细胞色素P450功能丧失是帕金森病的风险因素吗？
M C Morale,F L&#x;Episcopo,C Tirolo et al.
M C Morale et al.
The final step in the physiological synthesis of 17beta estradiol (E(2)) is aromatization of precursor testosterone by a CYP19 gene product, cytochrome P450 estrogen aromatase in the C19 steroid metabolic pathway. Within the central nervous...
Organization of cell and tissue circadian pacemakers: a comparison among species [0.03%]
细胞和组织昼夜节律起搏器的组织：跨物种比较
Mariska J Vansteensel,Stephan Michel,Johanna H Meijer
Mariska J Vansteensel
In most animal species, a circadian timing system has evolved as a strategy to cope with 24-hour rhythms in the environment. Circadian pacemakers are essential elements of the timing system and have been identified in anatomically discrete ...
Peter Redgrave,Kevin Gurney,John Reynolds
Peter Redgrave
The basal ganglia have been associated with processes of reinforcement learning. A strong line of supporting evidence comes from the recording of dopamine (DA) neurones in behaving monkeys. Unpredicted, biologically salient events, includin...
Feedforward and feedback inhibition in neostriatal GABAergic spiny neurons [0.03%]
新纹状体GABA能棘刺神经元的前馈和反馈抑制作用
James M Tepper,Charles J Wilson,Tibor Koós
James M Tepper
There are two distinct inhibitory GABAergic circuits in the neostriatum. The feedforward circuit consists of a relatively small population of GABAergic interneurons that receives excitatory input from the neocortex and exerts monosynaptic i...
Plasticity of interneuronal networks of the functionally isolated human spinal cord [0.03%]
功能隔离的人类脊髓中间神经元网络的可塑性
Susan J Harkema
Susan J Harkema
The loss of walking after human spinal cord injury has been attributed to the dominance of supraspinal over spinal mechanisms. The evidence for central pattern generation in humans is limited due to the inability to conclusively isolate the...
Laurent Descarries,Noémie Bérubé-Carrière,Mustapha Riad et al.
Laurent Descarries et al.
There is solid electron microscopic data demonstrating the existence of dopamine (DA) axon terminals (varicosities) with or without synaptic membrane specializations (junctional complexes) in many parts of the CNS, and notably in neostriatu...
Francisco Mora,Gregorio Segovia,Alberto Del Arco
Francisco Mora
The study of neurotransmitter interactions gives a better understanding of the physiology of specific circuits in the brain. In this review we focus mostly on our own results on the interaction of the neurotransmitters glutamate, dopamine a...
Christian Berger,Feng Xia,Martin H Maurer et al.
Christian Berger et al.
Pleiotropic mechanisms beyond their cholesterol lowering effect of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors or statins such as pravastatin are known. We used a temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) m...
Cajal and brain plasticity: insights relevant to emerging concepts of mind [0.03%]
卡哈尔与大脑可塑性：对新兴心智概念的见解
Efrain C Azmitia
Efrain C Azmitia
The main legacies of Cajal are his drawings of brain structure and their connections, and his ideas of brain plasticity, not only in the mature brain but also during development and after brain injury. As the 21st century begins, many scien...
Combining modules for movement [0.03%]
结合移动模块
E Bizzi,V C K Cheung,A d&#x;Avella et al.
E Bizzi et al.
We review experiments supporting the hypothesis that the vertebrate motor system produces movements by combining a small number of units of motor output. Using a variety of approaches such as microstimulation of the spinal cord, NMDA iontop...