Species differences in spatial memory among Clark's nutcrackers, scrub jays, and pigeons [0.03%]
Clark鵰ond、旋木雀和鸽子在空间记忆方面的差异
D J Olson
D J Olson
An operant nonmatching to sample procedure was used to compare the spatial memory abilities of 3 avian species. A trial consisted of the presentation of a spatially defined sample, a delay interval, and a 2-choice test during which the corr...
Aversive conditioning in the rat: effects of a benzodiazepine and of an opioid agonist and antagonist on conditioned hypoalgesia and fear [0.03%]
啮齿类厌恶条件反射：苯二氮卓受体激动剂和拮抗剂以及阿片受体激动剂和拮抗剂对条件性疼痛抑制和恐惧的影响
R F Westbrook,J D Greeley,C P Nabke et al.
R F Westbrook et al.
Hypoalgesia and fear co-occurred in rats trained on a heated floor and tested for their latencies to paw lick on that floor and to step down onto a nonheated floor. These responses were extinguished, suggesting a mediation by aversive condi...
Dissociation of theories of choice by temporal spacing of choice opportunities [0.03%]
通过选择机会的时间间隔区分选择理论
B A Williams
B A Williams
Rats were trained on a discrete-trial version of a concurrent variable-interval (VI) variable-ratio (VR) schedule in which the relative reinforcement rates were varied across conditions. Subjects with the shorter intertrial interval (ITI) h...
P J Reid,S J Shettleworth
P J Reid
Animals' improvement in capturing cryptic prey with experience has long been attributed to a perceptual mechanism, the specific search image. Detection could also be improved by adjusting rate of search. In a series of studies using both na...
P N Wilson,J M Pearce
P N Wilson
In 4 experiments, rats were initially trained with an A+ AXo discrimination in which Stimulus A by itself signaled the delivery of food, A+, whereas the simultaneous presentation of A and X was followed by nothing, AXo. In each experiment X...
Responding to a conditioned stimulus depends on the current associative status of other cues present during training of that specific stimulus [0.03%]
条件化刺激的应答依赖于其他在训练中出现的线索的关联状态
R R Miller,R C Barnet,N J Grahame
R R Miller
The comparator hypothesis is a response rule stating that responding to a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) reflects the associative strength of the CS relative to that of other cues (comparator stimuli) that were present during CS traini...
Instrumental performance following a shift in primary motivation depends on incentive learning [0.03%]
主要动机的转变影响乐器演奏水平——激励学习的作用不容忽视
B Balleine
B Balleine
In 5 experiments the role of incentive learning in instrumental performance following a shift in primary motivation was examined. In Experiments 1 and 2 rats trained to perform an instrumental action reinforced by either pellets or maltodex...
S J Shettleworth,C M Plowright
S J Shettleworth
Pigeons were trained on operant schedules simulating successive encounters with prey items. When items were encountered on variable-interval schedules, birds were more likely to accept a poor item (long delay to food) the longer they had ju...
Rapid reaquisition in conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response [0.03%]
兔眼瞬膜反应条件作用的快速再现
R M Napier,M Macrae,E J Kehoe
R M Napier
Reacquisition after extinction often appears faster than original acquisition. However, data from conditioned suppression studies indicate that this effect may arise from spontaneous recovery and reinstatement of unextinguished contextual s...
T L Davidson,F W Flynn,L E Jarrard
T L Davidson
Rats were trained to use stimuli arising from 0 and 24 hr without food as discriminative signals for shock. In Experiment 1, one group was shocked under 0-hr food deprivation and not shocked under 24-hr food deprivation. Another group recei...