Matching-to-sample by an echolocating dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) [0.03%]
回声定位的宽吻 dolphins(Tursiops truncatus) 的匹配样例实验
H L Roitblat,R H Penner,P E Nachtigall
H L Roitblat
An adult male dolphin was trained to perform a three-alternative delayed matching-to-sample task while wearing eyecups to occlude its vision. Sample and comparison stimuli consisted of a small and a large PVC plastic tube, a water-filled st...
Hierarchical structures: chunking by food type facilitates spatial memory [0.03%]
层级结构：以食物类型分块可促进空间记忆
N L Dallal,W H Meck
N L Dallal
Three experiments assessed the ability of male Sprague-Dawley rats to organize the spatial locations of different food types in a hierarchical manner to maximize the efficiency of working memory. Independent groups were exposed, on a 12-arm...
Context extinction following conditioning with delayed reward enhances subsequent instrumental responding [0.03%]
延迟强化的条件作用后的情境消退增强随后的操作反应行为
P Reed,S Reilly
P Reed
In Experiment 1, delayed reward generated low response rates relative to immediate reward delivered with the same frequency. Lister rats exposed to delayed reward subsequently responded at a higher rate in extinction if they received nonrei...
Effect of reinforcer devaluation on discriminative control of instrumental behavior [0.03%]
强化剂贬值对操作行为的辨别控制的影响
R M Colwill,R A Rescorla
R M Colwill
Two experiments examined the effect of reinforcer devaluation on the ability of a discriminative stimulus (Sd) to control instrumental behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats. In Experiment 1 reinforcer devaluation reduced, but did not eliminate, t...
Expectancies of reinforcer location and quality as cues for a conditional discrimination in pigeons [0.03%]
期望的强化物位置和质量作为鸽子执行条件辨别任务的线索
D A Williams,M M Butler,J B Overmier
D A Williams
Experiment 1 demonstrated that reliably correlating different reinforcer locations (top vs. bottom) with sample stimuli markedly enhanced the performance of White Carneaux pigeons in a spatial conditional discrimination. This differential o...
K A Lattal,S Gleeson
K A Lattal
Discrete responses of experimentally naive, food-deprived White Carneaux pigeons (key pecks) or Sprague-Dawley rats (bar or omnidirectional lever presses) initiated unsignaled delay periods that terminated with food delivery. Each subject f...
Duration of signals for intertrial reinforcement and nonreinforcement in random control procedures [0.03%]
随机控制程序中用于间歇强化和非强化的信号持续时间
L D Cooper,L Aronson,P D Balsam et al.
L D Cooper et al.
In the random control procedure, responding to a conditioned stimulus (target CS) is prevented when the probability of unsignaled, unconditioned stimuli (USs) in the intertrial interval (ITI) is equal to the probability of the US in the pre...
Spectral frequency and the modulation of the acoustic startle reflex by background noise [0.03%]
频谱频率和背景噪声对听性惊跳反射的调制作用
R L Gerrard,J R Ison
R L Gerrard
The rat's (Long-Evans) acoustic startle reflex to a high-frequency tone burst (10.5 kHz) was depressed by intense high-frequency band-pass noise (8-16 kHz) but enhanced by low frequency noise (1-2 kHz). However, contrary to the hypothesis t...
Selective associations in the observational conditioning of fear in rhesus monkeys [0.03%]
观察性条件作用中的选择性关联在恒河猴恐惧形成中的作用
M Cook,S Mineka
M Cook
Three experiments explored the issue of selective associations in the observational conditioning of fear. Experiment 1 results indicated that observer rhesus monkeys acquired a fear of snakes through watching videotapes of model monkeys beh...
Defeat-induced hypoalgesia in the rat: effects of conditioned odors, naltrexone, and extinction [0.03%]
失败引起的痛觉减退：条件气味、纳曲酮和消退的影响
J L Williams,P D Worland,M G Smith
J L Williams
In Experiment 1, male rats were either defeated as a colony intruder by alpha conspecifics or had no defeat experience, and 24 hr later they were given a paw injection of formalin prior to observational tests with or without alpha-colony od...