The comparative psychology of same-different judgments by humans (Homo sapiens) and monkeys (Macaca mulatta) [0.03%]
人类（智人）和猴子（恒河猴）在相同与不同判断方面的比较心理学
J David Smith,Joshua S Redford,Sarah M Haas et al.
J David Smith et al.
The authors compared the performance of humans and monkeys in a Same-Different task. They evaluated the hypothesis that for humans the Same-Different concept is qualitative, categorical, and rule-based, so that humans distinguish 0-disparit...
Gabriel Rodriguez,Geoffrey Hall
Gabriel Rodriguez
Rats were given exposure either to an odor (almond) or a compound of odor plus taste (almond plus saline), prior to training in which the odor served as the conditioned stimulus. It was found, for both appetitive and aversive procedures, th...
Massed extinction trials produce better short-term but worse long-term loss of context conditioned fear responses than spaced trials [0.03%]
集中式的绝灭试验比间隔式的绝灭试验产生更好的短期但更差的长期条件恐惧反应丧失现象
Sophie H Li,R Frederick Westbrook
Sophie H Li
A series of experiments studied the effects of the interval between extinction trials on the loss of context conditioned freezing responses. Rats were shocked in one context (A) but not in another (B) and subjected to extinction trials in c...
Formation of excitatory and inhibitory associations between absent events [0.03%]
缺失事件之间的兴奋性和抑制性关联的形成
Peter C Holland,Andrew Sherwood
Peter C Holland
Considerable evidence indicates that associations may be formed between two events even when one or both of them is absent at the time of learning. Previously, some researchers asserted that excitatory associations are formed when associati...
Robert A Rescorla
Robert A Rescorla
In five experiments, rats received conditioning of either moderately attractive or moderately aversive flavors using either a strongly negative lithium chloride (LiCl) or a strongly positive Polycose as the reinforcer. In each case, testing...
Comparing elemental and configural associative theories in human causal learning: a case for attention [0.03%]
注意在人类因果学习中元素联合理论与配置联合理论比较中的作用
Harald Lachnit,Holger Schultheis,Stephan König et al.
Harald Lachnit et al.
In two causal learning experiments with human participants, the authors compared various associative theories that assumed either elemental (unique cue, modified unique cue, replaced elements model, and Harris' model) or configural processi...
Context conditional flavor preferences in the rat based on fructose and maltodextrin reinforcers [0.03%]
基于果糖和麦芽糊精强化剂的 rat 中的上下文条件化风味偏爱
Dominic M Dwyer,Rachel H Quirk
Dominic M Dwyer
In three experiments, rats were exposed to a flavor preference procedure in which flavor A was paired with the reinforcer and flavor B presented alone in Context 1, while in Context 2 flavor A was presented alone and flavor B with the reinf...
Sarah C Hughes,Robert A Boakes
Sarah C Hughes
In 3 experiments rats given 8 sessions of preexposure to wheel running acquired a preference for a flavor that was given immediately after each of 4 subsequent sessions of wheel running. Such flavor preference was less likely when rats were...
Memory without awareness: pigeons do not show metamemory in delayed matching to sample [0.03%]
无觉知的记忆：延迟匹配范式下鸽子不具备元记忆能力
Jennifer E Sutton,Sara J Shettleworth
Jennifer E Sutton
Metamemory, the ability to report on memory strength, is clearly established in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by converging evidence from several paradigms. In contrast, A. Inman and S. J. Shettleworth (1999) found no conclusive evidence...
Laura Bradfield,Gavan P McNally
Laura Bradfield
Six experiments used rats to study blocking and unblocking of fear learning. An excitatory stimulus (A) blocked fear learning to a neutral stimulus (B). Unblocking of B occurred if the AB compound signaled an increase in unconditioned stimu...