Solving XOR [0.03%]
求解异或运算
C Grand,R C Honey
C Grand
Three experiments examined the way in which exclusive-or (XOR) problems are solved by rats. All rats first received food-rewarded positive and negative patterning problems with two stimulus sets: either A+, B+, AB- and C-, D-, CD+, or A-, B...
Analysis of the role of associative inhibition in perceptual learning by means of the same-different task [0.03%]
利用同异任务分析感觉学习中联结抑制的作用
Chris Mitchell,Raja Kadib,Scott Nash et al.
Chris Mitchell et al.
In Experiment 1a, participants were exposed, over a series of trials, to separate presentations of 2 similar checkerboard stimuli, AX and BX (where X represents a common background). In one group, AX and BX were presented on alternating tri...
Spontaneous recovery of extinguished fear responses deepens their extinction: a role for error-correction mechanisms [0.03%]
消退的恐惧反应的自发恢复加深了它们的消退：错误校正机制的作用
Hiu Tin Leung,R Frederick Westbrook
Hiu Tin Leung
A series of experiments used a within-subject design to study spontaneous recovery of fear responses (freezing) to an extinguished conditioned stimulus (CS) in rats. Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4 demonstrated that: a remotely extinguished CS e...
Choice as a function of reinforcer "hold": from probability learning to concurrent reinforcement [0.03%]
选择作为强化保留量的函数：从概率学习到并发强化
Greg Jensen,Allen Neuringer
Greg Jensen
Two procedures commonly used to study choice are concurrent reinforcement and probability learning. Under concurrent-reinforcement procedures, once a reinforcer is scheduled, it remains available indefinitely until collected. Therefore rein...
Chris J Mitchell,Justin A Harris,R Frederick Westbrook et al.
Chris J Mitchell et al.
A series of experiments studied the amount learned about two food cues (A and B) whose presentation in a meal was followed by an allergy (+) in a fictitious patient. Participants were trained with A+ and C+ in Phase 1 and then with AB+ or A...
Noam Y Miller,Sara J Shettleworth
Noam Y Miller
In a recent article, the authors (Miller & Shettleworth, 2007) showed how the apparently exceptional features of behavior in geometry learning ("reorientation") experiments can be modeled by assuming that geometric and other features at giv...
Learning about environmental geometry: a flaw in Miller and Shettleworth's (2007) operant model [0.03%]
论环境几何：米勒和谢尔特沃斯的（2007）操作模型之缺陷
Michael R W Dawson,Debbie M Kelly,Marcia L Spetch et al.
Michael R W Dawson et al.
Many studies have examined how humans and other animals reestablish a sense of direction following disorientation in enclosed environments. Results showing that geometric shape of an enclosure is typically encoded, sometimes to the exclusio...
A further investigation of the filled-duration illusion with a comparison between children and adults [0.03%]
填充持续时间错觉的进一步研究以及儿童和成年人之间的比较
Sylvie Droit-Volet
Sylvie Droit-Volet
This study investigated the filled duration illusion in children in comparison to adults, using a temporal bisection task with two ranges of anchor durations (1 vs. 4s and 2 vs. 8s). The results revealed a marked filled duration effect when...
Rosa Rugani,Lucia Regolin,Giorgio Vallortigara
Rosa Rugani
Chicks were trained to discriminate small sets of identical elements. They were then tested for choices (unrewarded) between sets of similar numerosities, when continuous physical variables such as spatial distribution, contour length, and ...
Pigeons perceive the Ebbinghaus-Titchener circles as an assimilation illusion [0.03%]
pigeon受Ebbinghaus-Titchner圈的同化错觉影响
Noriyuki Nakamura,Sota Watanabe,Kazuo Fujita
Noriyuki Nakamura
A target circle surrounded by larger "inducer" circles looks smaller, and one surrounded by smaller circles looks larger than they really are. This is the Ebbinghaus-Titchener illusion, which remains one of the strongest and most robust of ...