Effect of following an excitatory-inhibitory compound with an intermediate reinforcer [0.03%]
兴奋性-抑制性药物后给予中间强化性药物的影响
Robert A Rescorla
Robert A Rescorla
Pavlovian-conditioned inhibition training of the form A++, AB- (where ++ is a strong reinforcer and - is nonreinforcement) was conducted in 3 experiments with rats and 1 with pigeons. Then AB+ training was given (in which + is an effective ...
Michelle Gulya,Alba Rossi-George,Carolyn Rovee-Collier
Michelle Gulya
In 3 experiments with 85 human 3-month-olds, the authors asked whether retroactive interference with their memory of the original training stimulus is temporary or permanent. Infants learned to move a mobile by kicking and then were exposed...
Pigeons presented with sequences of light flashes use behavior to count but not to time [0.03%]
pigeons用行为计数但不会估算时间
William A Roberts,Shelley Roberts,Karen A Kit
William A Roberts
On randomly ordered trials, pigeons were presented with either a blue or a white key that flashed red for 200 ms at a fast (2 flashes/s), medium (1 flash/s), or slow (0.5 flashes/s) rate. The blue key signaled a fixed-interval (FI) schedule...
Martha Escobar,Francisco Arcediano,Ralph R Miller
Martha Escobar
Attenuated responding to a conditioned stimulus (CS) after preexposure to that CS (latent inhibition) has traditionally been attributed to reductions in CS associability. Alternatively, CS-context associations formed during CS preexposure l...
Reinstatement of fear to an extinguished conditioned stimulus: two roles for context [0.03%]
已消退的条件刺激再次引起恐惧的作用情境的两种作用
R Frederick Westbrook,Mihaela Iordanova,Gavan McNally et al.
R Frederick Westbrook et al.
The authors studied the role of context in reinstatement. Freezing was reinstated when the conditioned stimulus (CS) was extinguished in 1 context and rats moved to another context for reexposure to the shock unconditioned stimulus (US) and...
Transfer across unconditioned stimuli in serial feature discrimination training [0.03%]
系列特征辨别训练中的非条件刺激间的转移
Javier R Morell,T L Davidson
Javier R Morell
The transfer of conditioned modulation across conditioned stimuli (CS) and unconditioned stimuli (US) was examined in 3 experiments that used Pavlovian appetitive training procedures with rats. In Experiment 1, after training in a positive ...
Amphetamine and morphine produce a conditioned taste and place preference in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) [0.03%]
安非他明和吗啡能诱导小麝鼩产生味觉和位置条件作用偏好现象
Linda A Parker,Marion L Corrick,Cheryl L Limebeer et al.
Linda A Parker et al.
Rats have been shown to avoid consuming a flavor, but prefer a location, previously paired with amphetamine or morphine. A series of 4 experiments evaluated the hedonic properties of amphetamine and morphine in the house musk shrew (Suncus ...
Second-order contrast based on the expectation of effort and reinforcement [0.03%]
基于努力和强化的期望的二阶对比分析方法
Tricia S Clement,Thomas R Zentall
Tricia S Clement
Pigeons prefer signals for reinforcement that require greater effort (or time) to obtain over those that require less effort to obtain (T. S. Clement, J. Feltus, D. H. Kaiser, & T. R. Zentall, 2000). Preference was attributed to contrast (o...
What is learned in sequential learning? An associative model of reward magnitude serial-pattern learning [0.03%]
顺序学习中我们学到了什么？奖赏量连续模式学习的联想模型
Douglas G Wallace,Stephen B Fountain
Douglas G Wallace
A computational model of sequence learning is described that is based on pairwise associations and generalization. Simulations by the model predicted that rats should learn a long monotonic pattern of food quantities better than a nonmonoto...
Autonomic and eyeblink conditioning are closely related to contingency awareness: reply to Wiens and Ohman (2002) and Manns et al. (2002) [0.03%]
自主和眼睑条件作用与因果关系觉知密切相关：对Wiens和Ohman(2002)以及Manns等(2002)的回复
David R Shanks,Peter F Lovibond
David R Shanks
S. Wiens and A. Ohman (2002) disputed the conclusion that Pavlovian conditioning is strongly related to contingency awareness (P. F. Lovibond & D. R. Shanks, 2002) on the basis that an inappropriate definition of awareness was used. J. R. M...