M E Le Pelley,S M Oakeshott,I P L McLaren
M E Le Pelley
Three experiments sought to develop the suggestion that, under some circumstances, common associative learning mechanisms might underlie animal conditioning and human causal learning, by demonstrating, in humans, an effect analogous to the ...
Recent exposure to a dangerous context impairs extinction and reinstates lost fear reactions [0.03%]
近期经历危险事件会削弱消退并恢复恐惧反应
Richard W Morris,Teri M Furlong,R Frederick Westbrook
Richard W Morris
Rats were shocked in a context and then exposed to that context in the absence of shock. Shorter intervals between these extinction trials produced more long-term freezing than did longer ones, and shorter intervals between the final extinc...
Michael R Drew,Bojana Zupan,Anna Cooke et al.
Michael R Drew et al.
The peak procedure was used to characterize response timing during acquisition and maintenance of conditioned responding in goldfish. Subjects received light-shock pairings with a 5- or 15-s interstimulus interval. On interspersed peak tria...
Memory for timing visual and auditory signals in albino and pigmented rats [0.03%]
白化和色素大鼠的视觉和听觉信号时间记忆
Catalin V Buhusi,Dinushi Perera,Warren H Meck
Catalin V Buhusi
The authors hypothesized that during a gap in a timed signal, the time accumulated during the pregap interval decays at a rate proportional to the perceived salience of the gap, influenced by sensory acuity and signal intensity. When timing...
Exploring a concurrent-chains paradox: decreasing preference as an initial link is shortened [0.03%]
探究并发链悖论：初始环节缩短导致的偏好降低现象
James E Mazur
James E Mazur
Experiments with pigeons and rats on concurrent-chains schedules examined a paradoxical effect reported by R. A. Preston and E. Fantino (1991). One schedule in the concurrent chain had a variable-interval (VI) 60-s initial link, and its ter...
Is the context shift effect a case of retrieval failure? The effects of retrieval enhancing treatments on forgetting under altered stimulus conditions in rats [0.03%]
情境变化引起的遗忘可以通过提取促进手段来改善吗？
Paula M Millin,David C Riccio
Paula M Millin
This series of experiments sought to clarify the role of retrieval failure in forgetting that results from a change in context between training and testing (the context shift effect [CSE]). Because spontaneous forgetting (SF) is generally c...
Assessments of changes in the effective salience of stimulus elements as a result of stimulus preexposure [0.03%]
刺激预暴露引起的有效性增益效应的再评价
C A J Blair,Anna Wilkinson,Geoffrey Hall
C A J Blair
Rats received exposure to 3 flavor compounds, AX and BX, presented in alternation, and CX, presented on a separate block of trials. The hypothesis that this treatment would leave B effectively more salient than C was tested in 3 ways. Exper...
The conditions for temporal tracking under interval schedules of reinforcement [0.03%]
间歇强化下时间跟踪的条件研究
Elliot A Ludvig,John E R Staddon
Elliot A Ludvig
On many cyclic-interval schedules, animals adjust their postreinforcement pause to follow the interval duration (temporal tracking). Six pigeons were trained on a series of square-wave (2-valued) interval schedules (e.g., 12 fixed-interval ...
Outcome pre- and postexposure effects: retention interval interacts with primacy and recency [0.03%]
前暴露和后暴露效应：保留间隔与首因效应和近因效应相互作用
Kouji Urushihara,Daniel S Wheeler,Ralph R Miller
Kouji Urushihara
Effects of outcome-alone pretraining and posttraining exposure were investigated in conditioned suppression experiments conducted within a sensory preconditioning preparation with rats. Experiment 1 found that interference by outcome postex...
Control of variation by reward probability [0.03%]
通过奖励概率控制变化_variance control via reward probability
Afshin Gharib,Christopher Gade,Seth Roberts
Afshin Gharib
Two bar-press experiments with rats tested the rule that reducing expectation of reward increases the variation from which reward selects. Experiment 1 used a discrete-trial random-interval schedule, with trials signaled by light or sound. ...