Investigating the devaluation explanation for negative anticipatory contrast [0.03%]
探究贬低解释在负面预期对比中的作用
Jeffrey N Weatherly,Jeri T Nurnberger,Megan Sturdevant
Jeffrey N Weatherly
This study addressed whether negative anticipatory contrast results in a decrease in the value of the low-valued substance. Rats responded in training conditions designed to produce negative contrast. They then responded in test sessions in...
The effects of distributional learning on rats' sensitivity to phonetic information [0.03%]
分布式学习对大鼠的语音敏感性的影响研究
Ferran Pons
Ferran Pons
During the first year of life, infants show decreased sensitivity to phonetic differences not used in their native language and increased sensitivity to the differences that are used. It has been shown that this change in speech perception ...
Do Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) apply causal reasoning to tool-use tasks? [0.03%]
亚洲象（ Elephas maximus）能运用因果推理来完成用具任务吗？
Moti Nissani
Moti Nissani
Two experiments addressed contradictory claims about causal reasoning in elephants. In Experiment 1, 4 Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) were pretrained to remove a lid from the top of a bucket and retrieve a food reward. Subsequently, in t...
Prospective memory in the formation of learning sets by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) [0.03%]
关于猕猴学习模式形成中的预期记忆
Elisabeth A Murray,David Gaffan
Elisabeth A Murray
In conventional discrimination learning-set formation, it is possible that rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) learn to lay down prospective memories by anticipating the next trial and deciding in advance what choice will be made. To test this ...
Jeffrey S Katz,Anthony A Wright
Jeffrey S Katz
Eight pigeons were trained and tested in a simultaneous same/different task. After pecking an upper picture, they pecked a lower picture to indicate same or a white rectangle to indicate different. Increases in the training set size from 8 ...
Debora Vansteenwegen,Geert Francken,Bram Vervliet et al.
Debora Vansteenwegen et al.
A well-demonstrated phenomenon in traditional Pavlovian conditioning research with humans is that of experimental extinction. In contrast, human evaluative conditioning research suggests that evaluative learning shows marked resistance to e...
How the great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) perform on the reversed contingency task: the effects of food quantity and food visibility [0.03%]
大猿（黑猩猩、 orangutan、倭黑猩猩和大猩猩）在逆向依赖任务上的表现：食物数量与可观察性的影响
Petra H J M Vlamings,Jana Uher,Josep Call
Petra H J M Vlamings
S. T. Boysen and G. G. Berntson (1995) found that chimpanzees performed poorly on a reversed contingency task in which they had to point to the smaller of 2 food quantities to acquire the larger quantity. The authors compared the performanc...
Spatial learning based on the shape of the environment is influenced by properties of the objects forming the shape [0.03%]
环境形状的空间学习受构成形状的对象属性的影响
Moira Graham,Mark A Good,Anthony McGregor et al.
Moira Graham et al.
In 3 experiments rats had to find a submerged platform that was located in a corner of a kite-shaped pool. The color of the walls creating this corner provided an additional cue for finding the platform in the shape + color condition but no...
Bernard W Balleine,Anthony Dickinson
Bernard W Balleine
Hungry and thirsty rats lever pressed for food pellets in 1 visual stimulus (V1) and for a saline solution in another stimulus (V2). In a 2nd phase, the rats were made either hungry or thirsty and pressed for a starch solution in 2 stimulus...
Counteraction between overshadowing and degraded contingency treatments: support for the extended comparator hypothesis [0.03%]
抑制和缓解削弱之间的相互作用：扩大比较器假说的证据支持
Gonzalo P Urcelay,Ralph R Miller
Gonzalo P Urcelay
Four experiments using rats in a Pavlovian lick-suppression preparation investigated the effects of combining 2 treatments known for their response-decrementing effects, namely, overshadowing and degraded contingency. Contrary to most conte...