Preference for symmetry is experience dependent in newborn chicks (Gallus gallus) [0.03%]
新生鸡雏(Gallus gallus)对对称性的偏好受经验的影响
Elena Clara,Lucia Regolin,Giorgio Vallortigara
Elena Clara
Spontaneous pecking preferences toward symmetric or asymmetric stimuli were tested in newborn chicks (Gallus gallus). A preference for asymmetric patterns was found in naïve chicks (either 24 or 48 hours old), although a preference for sym...
Stimulus-outcome interactions during instrumental discrimination learning by rats and humans [0.03%]
大鼠和人类操作性辨别学习中的刺激-结果互动关系
S de Wit,D Niry,R Wariyar et al.
S de Wit et al.
The associative structure mediating goal-directed action was investigated using congruent and incongruent conditional discriminations. The stimulus was the same as the outcome in each component of the congruent discriminations, whereas the ...
Mimi Liljeholm,Bernard W Balleine
Mimi Liljeholm
The effect of conditioning or extinguishing the more salient element of a previously reinforced compound on responding to the less salient element of that compound was assessed in rats. Experiment 1 established that the 2 elements making up...
Pigeons encode absolute distance but relational direction from landmarks and walls [0.03%]
pigeon利用路标和墙壁表征绝对距离和相对方向
Emily R Gray,Marcia L Spetch
Emily R Gray
In recent studies, researchers have examined animals' use of absolute or relational distances in finding a hidden goal. When trained with an array of landmarks, most animals use the default strategy of searching at an absolute distance from...
Johan Lauwereyns,Regan G Wisnewski
Johan Lauwereyns
The authors devised a nose-poke task with asymmetric position-reward mapping to distinguish between effects of bias and sensitivity in reaction times of rats. In all trials, the rats had to poke their noses into the hole to the left or to t...
Hunger alters the expression of acquired hedonic but not sensory qualities of food-paired odors in humans [0.03%]
饥饿改变了人类获得的与食物相关的气味的喜好性但不是感觉属性的表达
Martin R Yeomans,Sirous Mobini
Martin R Yeomans
To test whether expression of hedonic and sensory odor qualities acquired by association with sweet and bitter tastes depend on hunger state, hungry volunteers experienced odors paired with sucrose, quinine, or water and then were tested un...
Evaluative conditioning and the awareness issue: assessing contingency awareness with the four-picture recognition test [0.03%]
评估性条件作用与意识问题：用四张图片识别测试评估关联意识
Eva Walther,Benjamin Nagengast
Eva Walther
An experiment is described that tested the moderating influence of contingency awareness on evaluative conditioning. After participants were conditioned within the picture-picture paradigm, contingency awareness was assessed by means of a r...
Metin Ungör,Harald Lachnit
Metin Ungör
In 3 human predictive learning experiments, the authors examined contextual control of responding in discrimination reversal learning. In Phase 1, a discrimination between 2 stimuli (A+, B-) was trained in Context 1. During Phase 2, partici...
The effects of assessment type on verbal ratings of conditional stimulus valence and contingency judgments: implications for the extinction of evaluative learning [0.03%]
评估类型对条件刺激价值和关联判断的言语评价的影响：对评价学习消退的意义
Ottmar V Lipp,Helena M Purkis
Ottmar V Lipp
Recent research on causal learning found (a) that causal judgments reflect either the current predictive value of a conditional stimulus (CS) or an integration across the experimental contingencies used in the entire experiment and (b) that...
Jessie J Peissig,Kimberly Kirkpatrick,Michael E Young et al.
Jessie J Peissig et al.
The authors investigated the pigeon's ability to generalize object discrimination performance to smaller and larger versions of trained objects. In Experiment 1, they taught pigeons with line drawings of multipart objects and later tested t...