How Cytokines Regulate Immune Response Toward Chronic Allograft Rejection? [0.03%]
细胞因子如何调节异体移植慢性排斥反应的免疫应答？
Stanislaw Stepkowski,Jared Oenick,Dulat Bekbolsynov et al.
Stanislaw Stepkowski et al.
Intensive research for 50 years did not find a way to predict the faith of organ transplants after successful transplantation. Current immunosuppressive regiments reduce kidney transplant acute rejection episodes to 6-11% for the first year...
Zhongcheng Mei,Alexander Sasha Krupnick
Zhongcheng Mei
Chronic rejection is a principal cause of long-term graft failure in solid organ transplantation. Characterized by progressive fibrotic remodeling, chronic rejection results from complex interactions among alloimmune responses, persistent i...
Bartosz J Płachno,Marcin Feldo,Piotr Stolarczyk et al.
Bartosz J Płachno et al.
Carnivorous plants (commonly known as insectivorous plants) are autotrophic organisms that perform photosynthesis but also consume nutrients, mainly the minerals N and P and some organic compounds, from other organisms (animals, protozoa, a...
Hydra at the Crossroads of Evolution: Insights into Cell-type Diversification, Regeneration, and Epigenetic Regulation [0.03%]
Hydra进化十字路口：细胞类型多样化、再生及表观遗传调控的启示
Shivani Gupta,Pranav Prabhu,Prakansha Chaudhary et al.
Shivani Gupta et al.
Understanding the origins of cellular complexity and dynamics of gene regulatory modules is critical to gain insights into the multicellular organization in eumetazoan evolution. Positioned at the base of Eumetazoa, cnidarians such as Hydra...
Female Germline Cysts in Clitellate Annelids: Organization, Functioning, and Diversity [0.03%]
环节动物雌性生殖干细胞囊及其功能和多样性研究
Piotr Świątek,Anna Z Urbisz
Piotr Świątek
Germ cell precursors developing into functional gametes tend to form syncytial groups of cells known as cysts, clusters, or nests. Such cysts develop in the early stages of gametogenesis when gonial cells divide without full cytokineses, an...
The Ring-Legged Earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Dermaptera, Insecta): A Promising Model to Study Development and Reproductive Strategies of Hemimetabolous Insects [0.03%]
环腿蠼螋（Euborellia annulipes）：研究半变态昆虫发育和生殖策略的模式动物
Paula Irles,Yoelvis Sulbaran-Bracho,Andres F Sarrazin
Paula Irles
This chapter comprehensively reviews the phylogenetic position, morphology, reproductive strategies, and developmental biology of the ring-legged earwig Euborellia annulipes. Special reference is given to the embryonic and postembryonic dev...
Analysis of Bush Cricket Oogenesis Provides an Insight into the Function and Anagenesis of an Enigmatic Organelle Assemblage: The Balbiani Body [0.03%]
叶䗛卵母细胞发生中的Balbiani体功能及演化分析
Szczepan M Bilinski,Malgorzata Sekula,Magda Sochaczewska et al.
Szczepan M Bilinski et al.
Balbiani body (Bb) is an intricate, oocyte-specific organelle complex described in the ooplasm of nearly all examined vertebrates and invertebrates. The Bb is devoid of a limiting membrane and consists of such organelles as elements of endo...
Maria-Dolors Piulachs
Maria-Dolors Piulachs
The German cockroach, Blattella germanica, has emerged as an important model organism for studying oogenesis, embryonic and postembryonic development, as well as morphogenesis. As an insect with panoistic ovaries, it provides unique insight...
Evolution and Development of Insect Metamorphosis: A Case of Genetic Accommodation? [0.03%]
昆虫 metamorphosis 的进化与发育：基因同化的一个例证？
Hana Nagata,Kohtaro Tanaka,Yuichiro Suzuki
Hana Nagata
For centuries, the evolution of complete metamorphosis in insects (holometaboly) has captured the imagination of philosophers and scientists. Recent discoveries using model organisms and experimental organisms have greatly advanced our unde...
Silvia Caballero-Mancebo,Daniel Gonzalez Suarez,Janet Chenevert et al.
Silvia Caballero-Mancebo et al.
Marine invertebrate species have been used as model organisms in evo-devo studies for over a century. These species provided a great advantage in seminal microscopic studies because of the large size of their eggs and embryos and the easy a...