Organelle nuclei in higher plants: structure, composition, function, and evolution [0.03%]
高等植物细胞器核的结构、组成、功能和进化
Atsushi Sakai,Hiroyoshi Takano,Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
Atsushi Sakai
Plant cells have two distinct types of energy-converting organelles: plastids and mitochondria. These organelles have their own DNAs and are regarded as descendants of endosymbiotic prokaryotes. The organelle DNAs associate with various pro...
Xavier Fant,Andreas Merdes,Laurence Haren
Xavier Fant
Mitotic and meiotic cells contain a bipolar spindle apparatus of microtubules and associated proteins. To arrange microtubules into focused spindle poles, different mechanisms are used by various organisms. Principally, two major pathways h...
Basic helix-loop-helix proteins expressed during early embryonic organogenesis [0.03%]
胚胎器官生成过程中表达的碱性螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白
Tord Hjalt
Tord Hjalt
The basic helix-loop-helix proteins form a special group of transcription factors unique for the eukaryotic organisms. They are crucial for the embryonic development of many fundamental organ systems such as muscle, heart, central nervous s...
Bacterial endocytobionts of ciliophora and their interactions with the host cell [0.03%]
纤毛门细胞内细菌及其与宿主细胞的相互作用
Sergei I Fokin
Sergei I Fokin
Ciliates may be hosts for numerous bacteria, which can occupy almost all cellular compartments of the protists. About 200 ciliate species are recorded as hosts of different intracellular bacteria, being a small part of the diversity for suc...
V Z Tarantul
V Z Tarantul
This review covers multiple data obtained on genetically modified mice that help to elucidate various intricate molecular mechanisms of lymphomagenesis in humans. We are in a "golden age" of mouse genetics. The mouse is by far the most acce...
Testican-1: a differentially expressed proteoglycan with protease inhibiting activities [0.03%]
测试蛋白聚糖-1：表达不同的具蛋白酶抑制作用的蛋白聚糖
Cora-Jean S Edgell,Mohammad A BaSalamah,Henry S Marr
Cora-Jean S Edgell
Testican-1 is a highly conserved, multidomain proteoglycan that is most prominently expressed in the thalamus of the brain, and is upregulated in activated astroglial cells of the cerebrum. Several functions of this gene product have now be...
Biology of lysenin, a protein in the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia foetida [0.03%]
关于弹尾霉素的生物学特性研究——蚯蚓coelemal液中的蛋白质
Hideshi Kobayashi,Naoshi Ohta,Masato Umeda
Hideshi Kobayashi
Lysenin is a protein of 33?kDa in the coelomic fluid (CF) of the earthworm Eisenia foetida. It differs from other biologically active proteins, such as fetidins, eiseniapore, and coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF-1), that have been found in Ei...
Matthias Oetken,Jean Bachmann,Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann et al.
Matthias Oetken et al.
The issue of endocrine disruption (ED) in invertebrates has generated remarkably little interest in the past compared to research with aquatic vertebrates in this area. However, with more than 95% of all known species in the animal kingdom,...
Masaki Yokoo,Eimei Sato
Masaki Yokoo
In most mammals, the oocyte in the Graafian follicle is surrounded by tightly packed layers of cumulus cells, forming the cumulus-oocyte complex. During the preovulatory period, cumulus cells change from a compact cell mass into a dispersed...
Proliferation and differentiation processes in the heart muscle elements in different phylogenetic groups [0.03%]
不同谱系动物心肌细胞的增殖和分化过程研究进展
Marina G Martynova
Marina G Martynova
This article reviews, discusses, and summarizes data about the generative behavior of muscle tissue cells, the mechanisms of its regulation, and the organization of the endocrine function of the heart in the main phylogenetic groups. With r...