Nora Bohnert,Hilde Leikny Jåstad,Jessica Vechbanyongratana et al.
Nora Bohnert et al.
Analysis of the fertility histories of women born between 1850 and 1900, as given in the Utah Population Database (UPDB), reveals the effect of the number, as well as the sex composition, of previous children on birth-stopping and birth-spa...
The body mass index of blacks and whites in the United States during the nineteenth century [0.03%]
19世纪美国黑白人种的身体质量指数变化趋势
Scott Alan Carson
Scott Alan Carson
Body mass index (BMI) values reflect the net balance between nutrition, work effort, and calories consumed to fight disease. Nineteenth-century prison records in the United States demonstrate that the BMI values of blacks and whites were di...
Residential segregation from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century: evidence from the Netherlands [0.03%]
16至19世纪的住宅隔离：来自荷兰的证据
Clé Lesger,Marco H D Van Leeuwen
Clé Lesger
A case study of three early modern Dutch cities (Alkmaar, Delft, and Amsterdam) using geographical information systems and confronting earlier historical, sociological, and geographical models finds clear patterns of segregation below the l...
Medical science and the military: the Allies' use of amphetamine during World War II [0.03%]
医学与军事：盟军在二战中的苯丙胺使用政策
Nicolas Rasmussen
Nicolas Rasmussen
Although amphetamine was thoroughly tested by leading scientists for its effects in boosting or maintaining physical and mental performance in fatigued subjects, the results never provided solid grounds for approving the drug's use, and, in...
J Komlos,M Heintel
J Komlos
Military morality transformed: weapons and soldiers on the nineteenth-century battlefield [0.03%]
转型的军事道德：19世纪战场上的武器与士兵
Gervase Phillips
Gervase Phillips
The increased lethality of nineteenth-century “arms of precision” caused military formations to disperse in combat, transforming the ordinary soldier from a near automaton, drilled to deliver random fire under close supervision, into a mo...
Christopher A Casey
Christopher A Casey
After a string of successes in the early nineteenth century, the Victorian movement to reform criminal punishment began to falter. Despite evidence to the contrary, the populace grew convinced that violent crime was on the rise. A frequency...
The Poor Law of old England: institutional innovation and demographic regimes [0.03%]
旧英格兰的贫民收容法：制度创新与人口体制
Morgan Kelly,Cormac Ó Gráda
Morgan Kelly
The striking improvement in life expectancy that took place in England between the Middle Ages and the seventeenth century cannot be explained either by an increase in real wages or by better climatic conditions. The decrease in the risk of...