Michele Rota,Irene Torresan,Silvia Palmerio et al. Michele Rota et al.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a promising frontier in precision oncology, aiming to elicit durable and tumor-specific immune responses....Recent advances in nucleic acid-based platforms, particularly mRNA and DNA vaccines, have accelerated clinical translation, especially following the success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2....In parallel, peptide-based vaccines have evolved through the incorporation of long synthetic peptides and the identification of tumor-specific neoantigens. Other strategies include dendritic cell-based vaccines and whole tumor cell approaches....Neoantigen vaccines have demonstrated a favorable safety profile and the ability to elicit robust CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses across various cancer types and disease stages....Combining vaccines with ICIs, chemotherapy, or cytokine therapies can enhance efficacy by overcoming immune resistance.

Fahad A Alhumaydhi,Mohammad Hamza Khan,Masood Alam Khan Fahad A Alhumaydhi

Despite its impact, there are currently no licensed vaccines or specific antivirals treatments targeting HMPV....Future directions emphasize to develop multivalent vaccines against multiple respiratory viruses, the optimization of adjuvants, and the deployment of modular vaccine platforms to address antigenic variability.

Rodrigo Paredes,S Daniel Haldar,Shubham Pant et al. Rodrigo Paredes et al.

Neoantigen-based vaccines have shown promise, particularly in tumors with high tumor mutation burden. However, logistical barriers and tumor heterogeneity limit their scalability. Shared oncogenic driver mutations (e.g., KRAS, EGFR, IDH) offer a stable and broadly applicable alternative.

Zhiqiang Wu,Xiaoling Lin,Chaoyi Song et al. Zhiqiang Wu et al.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), particularly very virulent (vvIBDV) and novel variant (nVarIBDV) strains, causes severe immunosuppression and economic losses in poultry, with existing vaccines often providing inadequate protection.

Saikhuan Towachiraporn,Harit Thongwitokomarn,Parichat Salee Saikhuan Towachiraporn

While vaccines are known to reduce severe COVID-19, their potential to mitigate long-term complications remains less understood. Current studies often focus on severe COVID-19 cases, leaving a gap in understanding the benefits of vaccination in milder cases....These findings provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of mRNA vaccines in addressing long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with mild disease.

Rui Tada,Yukiko Matsuo,Emiri Nomura et al. Rui Tada et al.

Mucosal vaccines, which elicit immune responses at the mucosal surfaces from where the majority of pathogens enter the body, present advantages over traditional injectable vaccines that primarily induce systemic immunity....However, development of effective mucosal vaccines is impeded by the lack of safe and potent mucosal adjuvants that can enhance antigen-specific immune responses without provoking excessive inflammation....Our findings indicate that gitonin is a promising candidate for the development of vaccines that target mucosal membranes. It possesses a well-defined structure, demonstrates safety in applications, and effectively enhances the immune response, primarily by promoting a Th2-type response.

Gustaf Ahlén,Anoop Ambikan,Flora Mikaeloff et al. Gustaf Ahlén et al.

Understanding how infection and vaccination reshape systemic metabolism is key to defining protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Using a ferret model, we performed untargeted serum metabolomics in two experimental settings: SARS-CoV-2 inf...

Char Leung,Anisha Syeda,Aleksandra Zdanowicz Char Leung

Inactivated vaccines significantly increased both OD values and VN titers, whereas attenuated vaccines significantly increased OD values but not VN titers....Clinical relevance: CECoV vaccines are immunogenic and reduce diarrhea, but do not significantly reduce viral shedding, potentially masking infections in clinical settings and thus complicating disease control in communal environments....Limited literature and studies from similar research groups suggest removing CECoV vaccines from guidelines.

Jeonghyeon Kim,Nuri Jung,Jayyoon Lee et al. Jeonghyeon Kim et al.

Its consistent and robust performance highlights its potential to advance the development of safer and more effective vaccines and protein therapeutics.

Rade Zinaic,Josephine Pui-Hing Wong Rade Zinaic

Inconsistent uptake of COVID-19 vaccines impeded pandemic response and led to increased demands in a stretched health care system. To advance pandemic preparedness, a critical understanding of vaccine access and hesitancy is needed.