Vincent Varlet,Alain Bouvet,Hugues Cadas et al.
Vincent Varlet et al.
Human cadavers constitute very useful educational tools to teach anatomy in medical scholarship and related disciplines such as physiology, for example. However, as biological material, human body is subjected to decay. Thanatopraxy cares s...
Ten-year trends in contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers [0.03%]
甲醛和释放甲醛的防腐剂引起的接触性皮炎10年回顾
Ida M Fasth,Nina H Ulrich,Jeanne D Johansen
Ida M Fasth
Background: Preservatives such as formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers are common causes of contact allergy....Objectives: To examine trends in contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers in patch tested patients in Denmark over a 10-year period (2007-2016), and to investigate relevant sources of formaldehyde among the patients....Methods: A cross-sectional registry study on patch test data from patients tested with formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers (N = 8463) was performed....Patients allergic to formaldehyde often had simultaneous positive patch test reactions to formaldehyde-releasers (36%)....Conclusions: Although contact allergy to formaldehyde 1% decreased in this 10-year time period, contact allergies to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers overall remain frequent in patients.
Allergic contact dermatitis in preservatives: current standing and future options [0.03%]
防腐剂致过敏性接触性皮炎的现状与未来展望
Gustavo Deza,Ana M Giménez-Arnau
Gustavo Deza
Sensitization rates to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers are lower in Europe in comparison with the United States due to stricter regulations regarding their use.
Laura Malinauskiene,Audra Blaziene,Anzelika Chomiciene et al.
Laura Malinauskiene et al.
Concomitant contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers remains common among patients with allergic contact dermatitis. Concentration of free formaldehyde in cosmetic products within allowed limits have been shown to induce dermatitis from short-term use on normal skin.
Patch testing with formaldehyde 2.0% in parallel with 1.0% by the Swedish contact dermatitis research group [0.03%]
瑞典接触性皮炎研究组进行2.0%和1.0%甲醛平行斑贴试验
Marléne Isaksson,Johanna Bråred-Christensson,Malin Engfeldt et al.
Marléne Isaksson et al.
The detected number of isolated allergic reactions to the 2 formaldehyde-releasers in the Swedish baseline series and not to formaldehyde itself raises the question whether quaternium-15 1.0% and diazolidinyl urea 2.0% should be present in the Swedish baseline series.
Comparative Study
Acta dermato-venereologica. 2014 Jul;94(4):408-10. DOI:10.2340/00015555-1748 2014
Ana Rita Travassos,Lieve Claes,Lies Boey et al.
Ana Rita Travassos et al.
Reactions to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers were most often correlated with body-cleansing products, particularly 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and skin care products.
Patch testing with formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers: multicentre study in Spain (2005-2009) [0.03%]
西班牙(2005-2009年)甲醛及释放甲醛的化学品致敏性多中心研究补片试验
Nuria Latorre,Leopoldo Borrego,Virginia Fernández-Redondo et al.
Nuria Latorre et al.
Background: Formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis....Patients with sensitization to only formaldehyde had a higher frequency of occupational dermatitis (25%) than patients with sensitization to only formaldehyde-releasers (9.5%).
Multicenter Study
Contact dermatitis. 2011 Nov;65(5):286-92. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01953.x 2011
Risk of sensitization to preservatives estimated on the basis of patch test data and exposure, according to a sample of 3541 leave-on products [0.03%]
基于3541种护肤产品的样品中估计防腐剂致敏风险的皮试数据和暴露量
Axel Schnuch,Gerd Mildau,Eva-Maria Kratz et al.
Axel Schnuch et al.
Results: The SEQs varied greatly, offering a ranking regarding risk of sensitization: phenoxyethanol (SEQ: 0.06), benzyl alcohol (0.30), parabens (0.35), sorbates (0.92), benzoates (1.35), formaldehyde-releasers (1.6), methylisothiazolinone (MI) (1.7), iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (
Preservatives and fragrances in selected consumer-available cosmetics and detergents [0.03%]
部分消费品中防腐剂和香料的筛选与鉴定
Kerem Yazar,Stina Johnsson,Marie-Louise Lind et al.
Kerem Yazar et al.
Parabens were found in 44% of cosmetics and 9% of detergents; formaldehyde-releasers in 25% of cosmetics and 8% of detergents; and isothiazolinones in 23% of cosmetics and 28% of detergents.
Preservatives in cosmetics: reactivity of allergenic formaldehyde-releasers towards amino acids through breakdown products other than formaldehyde [0.03%]
化妆品中的防腐剂:甲醛释放过敏原与氨基酸的反应生成除甲醛以外的产物
Mustapha Kireche,Elena Gimenez-Arnau,Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
Mustapha Kireche
However, clinical studies show the existence of patients allergic to formaldehyde-releasers but not to formaldehyde itself....Results: Many adducts formed by reacting formaldehyde-releasers with amino acids resulted from a direct interaction of the releaser or from reaction of a breakdown product, and not from a reaction involving simply released formaldehyde....Conclusion: The reactivity of distinctive formaldehyde-releasers towards amino acids is not limited to formaldehyde release. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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