Transforming growth factor-β1 promotes initiation of entheseal pathological bone formation via osteonectin induction in ankylosing spondylitis
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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease marked by aberrant new bone formation and spinal ankylosis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) is implicated in osteogenesis, yet its downstream effectors in AS remain unclear. Osteonectin, a glycopro... ...
