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Mechanical stress, metabolic reprogramming and stromal remodeling: an emerging paradigm in the bladder cancer mechano-micro-environment

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Recently managing bladder cancer (BLCA) has been hampered by two stubborn challenges, one is high recurrence rate in non-muscle-invasive tumors (NMIBC), the other is muscle-invasive disease (MIBC) showed limited responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (... ...