Effects of Topical Administration of Bupivacaine HCl to the Ovarian Pedicle on Postoperative Pain, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Inflammatory Cytokines in Dogs Undergoing Laparoscopic Ovariectomy
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Background: Laparoscopic ovariectomy (LOE) is a common procedure for elective sterilization in dogs and is associated with less tissue trauma than open techniques. However, manipulation of the ovarian pedicle may still induce noc... ...
