Serum sPD-1 and sTIM-3 as T-cell exhaustion biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus: the IL-6-associated exhaustion axis and the SLE Immune Exhaustion Index
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Background: T-cell exhaustion marked by soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3) has been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet the cytokine mechanisms driving checkpoint-receptor upregulation, the relation... ...
