Functional Morphology of the Pedal Musculature and Grip Force Estimation in the Red‑and‑Green Macaw (Ara chloropterus Gray, 1859)
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Psittaciformes possess zygodactyl feet that support perching, climbing, inverted postures, and foot-mediated food manipulation. Despite the functional importance of these behaviors, the myological and biomechanical bases of digital performance remain poorly do... ...