Inside-Out Lumbar Endoscopy Revisited: Disc-Centered Surgery in Patients Requiring Limited Discectomy to Minimize Burden From Epidural Trauma, Irrigation, Nerve Manipulation, and Scarring
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Background: Lumbar spinal endoscopy originated as a disc-centered inside-out technique shaped by early technological constraints. As endoscopic platforms advanced, operative capability expanded toward extradiscal and epidural dec... ...
