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Deliquescent Salt Layer-Induced Asymmetric Porosity and Self-Polarized β-Phase in Spin-Coated PVDF Membranes

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Achieving simultaneous control over the self-polarized β-phase and strain-amplifying microarchitectures in PVDF remains challenging. Here, we report a facile approach that introduces a deliquescent salt layer (e.g., CaCl2) during conventional spin-coating to ... ...